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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors systematically review the key factors influencing the regeneration and genetic transformation of cucumber plants, including the selection of genotype, source of explants and forms of exogenous hormones added to the medium, the methods of transgene introduction and co-cultivation, and selection methods.
Abstract: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), belonging to the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), is one of the major vegetable crops in China. Conventional genetic breeding methods are ineffective for improving the tolerance of cucumber to various environmental stresses, diseases, and pests in the short term, but bio-engineering technologies can be applied to cucumber breeding to produce new cultivars with high yield and quality. Regeneration and genetic transformation systems are key technologies in modern cucumber breeding. Compared with regeneration systems, genetic transformation systems are not yet fully effective, and the low efficiency of genetic transformation is a bottleneck in cucumber cultivation. Here, we systematically review the key factors influencing the regeneration and genetic transformation of cucumber plants, including the selection of genotype, source of explants and forms of exogenous hormones added to the medium, the methods of transgene introduction and co-cultivation, and selection methods. In addition, we also focus on recent advances in the study of molecular mechanisms underlying important agronomic traits using genetic transformation technology, such as fruit length, fruit warts, and floral development. This review provides reference information for future research on improvements in cucumber varieties.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 51 heterosis-associated genes of different families of Arabidopsis were selected based on their high differential expression in a hybrid relative to its mid-parent value and their orthologues were identified in Brassica oleracea, finding many of these genes were more highly expressed in the hybrid than the mid- parent value.
Abstract: Heterosis is very important for hybrid breeding and productivity of various crop plants can be increased easily by exploitation of it. However, the molecular basis of heterosis has yet to be elucidated. In this study, 51 heterosis-associated genes of different families of Arabidopsis were selected based on their high differential expression in a hybrid relative to its mid-parent value and their orthologues were identified in Brassica oleracea. The selected B. oleracea genes were then characterized based on their predicted functions and expression patterns in four parent-hybrid combinations of cabbage. Many of these genes were found to be more highly expressed in the hybrid than the mid-parent value, and some were better in the parent. Moreover, these highly expressed genes were mostly related to the yield contributing characteristics. Cotyledon and young leaf sizes of these three genotypes were also well correlated with responsive expression of genes analyzed in the parent–hybrid combinations. Thus, the identified genes might be associated with the mechanism of heterosis of B. oleracea hybrid and provide a foundation to reveal the complexity of regulatory gene networks associated with genetic mechanism of heterosis in the plant life cycle. Subsequently, these genes would be useful resources for molecular breeding of hybrid Brassica crops, as well.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How deployment of the modern genomic resources such as next-generation gene discovery techniques and “gold standard experimental designs” is furthering the authors' knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of trait variation is discussed.
Abstract: Legumes like chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut are protein rich, nutrient-dense, and nitrogen fixing crops. Their importance is increasingly recognized in view of the urgent need to address burgeoning malnutrition problem and to impart sustainability to cropping systems. Breeding programs in these crops have achieved great success. However, consistent improvement in genetic gains demands integration of innovative tools and technologies with crop breeding programs. Genomic resources are of paramount significance in context of improving the efficiency and precision of crop breeding schemes. The last decade has witnessed a remarkable success in generating unprecedented genomic resources in these crops, thus transforming these genomic orphans into genomic resource rich crops. These genomic resources include array-based genotyping platforms, high-resolution genetic linkage maps/HapMaps, comprehensive transcriptome assemblies and gene expression atlas, and whole genome sequences etc. Further progression from the training phase (development) to breeding (deployment) phase is marked with the current availability of a variety of molecular breeding products in these legume crops. In the present review, we discuss how deployment of the modern genomic resources such as next-generation gene discovery techniques and “gold standard experimental designs” is furthering our knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of trait variation. Also, key success stories demonstrating the power of molecular breeding in these legume crops are highlighted. It is opined that the breeding populations constantly improved by sequence-based breeding approach will greatly help improving breeding traits and the genetic gains accruable from crop breeding programs.

5 citations

DOI
15 Nov 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the information on possible genes associated with nitrogen use efficiency has been presented and a combinatorial approach of deploying the information available for genes reported to be associated with NUE of rice by haplotyping, allele mining, spatial and temporal expression analyses, gene networking and validation through genome editing towards development of high yielding rice varieties under optimum nitrogen.
Abstract: Nitrogen is one of the most critical nutrients in rice production and increased rice productivity is attributed mostly to the nitrogen fertilizer responsive rice varieties. With its relevance to environment, breeding for nitrogen use efficiency is now a research priority in rice. Based on the physiological, biochemical and genetic studies, several genes have been identified for nitrogen uptake, transport, remobilization and assimilation. Many of the genes and gene families associated with tissues like root, shoot, leaf and panicle have been characterized under differential nitrogen conditions. Functional validation of the identified genes in nitrogen use efficiency, yield and other agro-morphological traits demonstrated their potential for deployment in rice breeding programs. In the present review, the information on possible genes associated with nitrogen use efficiency has been presented. The epigenetic regulation of genes including the non-coding RNA and new breeding technologies like genome editing have also been discussed for identification and validation of genes for NUE. We propose a combinatorial approach of deploying the information available for genes reported to be associated with NUE of rice by haplotyping, allele mining, spatial and temporal expression analyses, gene networking and validation through genome editing towards development of high yielding rice varieties under optimum nitrogen.

5 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137