Topic
Molecular breeding
About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review some of the early innovations that were involved in the transition of maize from an open pollinated crop to a hybrid crop and from the use of the double cross hybrid system to the Single Cross hybrid system.
Abstract: Since the beginnings in the early part of the 20th Century, hybrid maize breeding has continued to evolve as new genetic understanding of traits and new technologies have become available. We review some of the early innovations that were involved in the transition of maize from an open pollinated crop to a hybrid crop and from the use of the Double Cross hybrid system to the Single Cross hybrid system. Today molecular technologies have opened up many new opportunities. These technologies and our understanding of trait genetics have enabled the further evolution of maize breeding methodology to include a range of molecular breeding methods. High throughput genotyping at the DNA sequence level has enabled the use of both marker assisted breeding for specifi c traits and whole genome prediction methodology for complex quantitative traits. The characterization of trait functional diversity and understanding its underlying genetic bases at the molecular level will continue to offer new tools to assist hybrid maize breeding. Furthermore, recent transgenic approaches provide new opportunities for commercial maize hybrid development.
5 citations
Patent•
04 Oct 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a new marker gene named SCS1130 and SCA1 with nucleotide sequence as SEQ ID No:1 or 2 was proposed for rape molecular breeding.
Abstract: The invention selects proper parental generation for hybridization to obtain F1 plant, then obtaining DH separated group by microspore culture; constructs two gene ponds of rape yellow seed group and black seed group, designs specific primer, PCR, recover, clones and sequenchs to obtain the RAPD and AFLP marked fragment named as SCS1130 and SCA1 with nucleotide sequence as SEQ ID No:1 or 2. This invention provides new practical marker gene for rape molecular breeding.
5 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Recent advances in sugarcane genomics enabled the use of candidate genes with known function to serve as perfect markers than the traditional anonymous markers especially for resistance to pests and diseases.
Abstract: Sugarcane is the main source of white sugar and is also an important source for renewable biofuels like ethanol. Sugarcane improvement is mainly based on intercrossing of the well-adapted improved hybrids and selection of desirable genotypes. Commercial varieties are interspecific hybrid derivatives having a large and varying number of chromosomes. The complex polyploid nature of the species, the narrow genetic base of the parental clones and long breeding and selection cycles has been a challenge for conventional breeding of sugarcane. In this context molecular methods have a potential role in supplementing and strengthening the conventional breeding programmes. Application of molecular tools for the analysis of sugarcane genome started in late 1980s and made use of the DNA marker technology to elucidate phylogenetic relationships, to document varieties, assess genetic diversity in the germplasm, to detect major genes and to resolve complex genetic traits. Tagging genes of agronomic importance is one of the most interesting areas that offer scope for marker assisted selection. Loci that are associated with important traits like sugar yield components and disease resistance have been mapped. These studies were greatly hastened with molecular mapping techniques with markers like RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs. Recent advances in sugarcane genomics enabled the use of candidate genes with known function to serve as perfect markers than the traditional anonymous markers especially for resistance to pests and diseases.
5 citations
Patent•
22 Jul 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a molecular marker for a rice aroma gene and application thereof was revealed, consisting of a pair of outer primers Badh2-O-F and Badh 2-R and inner primers BADH2-WT-F.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of plant biology, and particularly discloses a molecular marker for a rice aroma gene and application thereof The molecular marker consists of a pair of outer primers Badh2-O-F and Badh2-O-R and a pair of inner primers Badh2-WT-F and Badh2-E7-R, wherein the primer sequences are shown as SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4; an amplified fragment of the marker is moderate and is high in specificity; the rice gelatinization temperature control gene badh2-E7 can be genotyped into aroma rice and aroma-free rice varieties; auxiliary selection of the molecular marker of the rice aroma characteristics can be realized by utilizing the marker; the breeding efficiency is improved; the requirement on large-scale molecular breeding is met
5 citations
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TL;DR: Hari Upadhyaya, a plant breeder, geneticist and genetic resources specialist, and his contributions in management and utilization of genetic resources, molecular biology and biometrics, and in groundnut breeding are discussed in this article.
Abstract: This chapter discusses Hari Deo Upadhyaya, a plant breeder, geneticist and genetic resources specialist, and his contributions in management and utilization of genetic resources, molecular biology and biometrics, and in groundnut breeding. Hari's contributions in genetic resources include enriching germplasm collections; forming representative subsets in the form of core and/or mini-core collections in chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, pearl millet, sorghum, and six small millets; unlocking population structures, diversity and association genetics; and identifying genetically diverse and agronomically desirable germplasm accessions for use in crop breeding. The Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR) recognized his concept and process of forming mini-core collection as International Public Goods (IPGs) and researchers worldwide are now using mini core-collections as useful genetic resources in breeding and genomics of the aforementioned crops. A genebank manager's role isn't just confined to collection, maintenance, and archiving germplasm. Hari's spirited efforts prove so and they led many to realize the abundant opportunities to mine and enhance the value of the genetic resources in crop improvement programs. As a geneticist, his seminal work on wilt resistance in chickpea laid a strong foundation for the wilt resistance breeding programs globally. His contributions as a groundnut breeder resulted in the release of 27 cultivars in 18 countries, some widely grown, and 24 elite germplasm releases with unique characteristics made available to groundnut researchers worldwide. Hari's inimitable ability and scientific competence allowed him to collaborate with diverse groups and institutions worldwide. His scientific contributions in germplasm research and groundnut breeding have been recognized with several prestigious global awards and honors. A prolific writer and with immense passion for teaching, Hari Upadhyaya has established a school of his own for the management, evaluation and use of genetic resources for crop improvement.
5 citations