Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

SoySNP618K array: A high‐resolution single nucleotide polymorphism platform as a valuable genomic resource for soybean genetics and breeding

Abstract: Innovations in genomics have enabled the development of low-cost, high-resolution, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays that accelerate breeding progress and support basic research in crop science. Here, we developed and validated the SoySNP618K array (618,888 SNPs) for the important crop soybean. The SNPs were selected from whole-genome resequencing data containing 2,214 diverse soybean accessions; 29.34% of the SNPs mapped to genic regions representing 86.85% of the 56,044 annotated high-confidence genes. Identity-by-state analyses of 318 soybeans revealed 17 redundant accessions, highlighting the potential of the SoySNP618K array in supporting gene bank management. The patterns of population stratification and genomic regions enriched through domestication were highly consistent with previous findings based on resequencing data, suggesting that the ascertainment bias in the SoySNP618K array was largely compensated for. Genome-wide association mapping in combination with reported quantitative trait loci enabled fine-mapping of genes known to influence flowering time, E2 and GmPRR3b, and of a new candidate gene, GmVIP5. Moreover, genomic prediction of flowering and maturity time in 502 recombinant inbred lines was highly accurate (>0.65). Thus, the SoySNP618K array is a valuable genomic tool that can be used to address many questions in applied breeding, germplasm management, and basic crop research.

Structural and functional analysis of genes with potential involvement in resistance to coffee leaf rust: a functional marker based approach

Abstract: Physiology-based differentiation of SH genes and Hemileia vastatrix races is the principal method employed for the characterization of coffee leaf rust resistance. Based on the gene-for-gene theory, nine major rust resistance genes (SH1-9) have been proposed. However, these genes have not been characterized at the molecular level. Consequently, the lack of molecular data regarding rust resistance genes or candidates is a major bottleneck in coffee breeding. To address this issue, we screened a BAC library with resistance gene analogs (RGAs), identified RGAs, characterized and explored for any SH related candidate genes. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a gene (gene 11), which shares conserved sequences with other SH genes and displays a characteristic polymorphic allele conferring different resistance phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the two RGAs belonging to CC-NBS-LRR revealed more intense diversifying selection in tomato and grape genomes than in coffee. For the first time, the present study has unveiled novel insights into the molecular nature of the SH genes, thereby opening new avenues for coffee rust resistance molecular breeding. The characterized candidate RGA is of particular importance for further biological function analysis in coffee.

Kit for detecting chicken growth characters and chicken molecular breeding method

Abstract: The invention discloses a kit for detecting chicken growth characters and a chicken molecular breeding method, which belong to the field of molecular genetics. According to the kit and the chicken molecular breeding method, a Mass ARRAY system matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique is combined with single primer extension reaction, so as to perform miRNA-1687 (rs15179830G/T) single SNP locus genetic typing on Gushi-Anak F2 generation hybrid chickens and perform association analysis on the growth characters of the F2 generation hybrid chickens, results indicate that chicken miRNA-1687 gene SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) is significantly correlated to chicken weight at different developmental stages, TT type individual weight is significantly superior to GT type individual weight and GG type individual weight, and a chicken group with good genetic resources can be quickly established by using the TT genotype as assistant selection of the chicken weight and a molecular genetic breeding marker.

Novel Sequencing and Genomic Technologies Revolutionized Rice Genomic Study and Breeding

Abstract: Rice is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Population growth and climate change posed great challenges for further rice production. In the past decade, we have witnessed an explosive development in novel sequencing and genomic technologies. These technologies have been widely applied in rice genomic study and improvement processes, and contributed greatly to increase the efficiency and accuracy of rice breeding. On the other hand, novel sequencing and genomic technologies also promote the shift of breeding schemes from conventional field selection processes to genomic assisted breeding. These technologies have revolutionized almost every aspect of rice study and breeding. Here, we systematically sorted out and reviewed the progress and advancements of sequencing and genomic technologies. We further discussed how these technologies were incorporated into rice breeding practices and helped accelerate the rice improvement process. Finally, we reflected on how to further utilize novel sequencing and genomic technologies in rice genetic improvement, as well as the future trends of advancement for these technologies. It can be expected that, as the sequencing and genomic technologies will develop much more quickly in the future, and be combined with novel bioinformatics tools, rice breeding will move forward into the genomic assisted era.