Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Status and Prospectives of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Plants

Abstract: The genome-wide association study (GWAS) is one of the potential approaches for identifying QTLs/genes and complex traits associated with target traits quickly using natural variations. With the advancement in genome sequencing technology, it is possible to examine genome-wide genetic variants of agro-morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular traits across diverse genetic materials. In nature, natural variants of crops are generated due to spontaneous mutations and manual breeding in the wild progenitors. Traditional landraces are adapted to various environmental conditions, rich sources of alleles, and genes linked with various traits valuable for variety improvement through molecular breeding because of the availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies and a reference genome sequence, accurate re-sequencing of a significant number of crop genomes as possible. It aided in understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic variance and allows for functional studies of evolutionary changes in crops. This rapid development will significantly improve crop design research using genomics-assisted breeding, allowing it to be used in gene recognition, cloning, QTL identification, and crop breeding using marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering. This book chapter presents an overview of the entire process of a typical GWAS, various software applications and, its limitations, and future perspectives.

Integrated Genetic and Omics Approaches for the Regulation of Nutritional Activities in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract: The primary considerations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production evoke improvements in the nutritional quality as well as production. Rice cultivars need to be developed to tackle hunger globally with high yield and better nutrition. The traditional cultivation methods of rice to increase the production by use of non-judicious fertilizers to fulfill the nutritional requirement of the masses. This article provokes nutritional strategies by utilization of available omics techniques to increase the nutritional profiling of rice. Recent scientific advancements in genetic resources provide many approaches for better understanding the molecular mechanisms encircled in a specific trait for its up- or down-regulation for opening new horizons for marker-assisted breeding of new rice varieties. In this perspective, genome-wide association studies, genome selection (GS) and QTL mapping are all genetic analysis that help in precise augmentation of specific nutritional enrichment in rice grain. Implementation of several omics techniques are effective approaches to enhance and regulate the nutritional quality of rice cultivars. Advancements in different types of omics including genomics and pangenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics and proteomics are also relevant to rice development initiatives. This review article compiles genes, locus, mutants and for rice yield and yield attribute enhancement. This knowledge will be useful for now and for the future regarding rice studies.