Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Genome Sequencing, Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics

Abstract: The availability of enormous amount of sequence data, driven by next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques and multi-omics-integrated strategies, has contributed considerably to expanding and intensifying our understanding on the molecular make-up of plants. The use of ‘omics’-based technologies for molecular breeding in palms, especially coconut, has, in general, lagged behind in comparison with other monocots such as cereals. However, remarkable progress has been made in the application of ‘omics’ tool box in coconut palm in the last six years. The availability of three high-quality genome assemblies provides immense opportunities for crop improvement in this perennial species to accelerate the strategies of marker-assisted selection and development of genomic selection (GS) models. In addition, the genome blueprint can provide novel insights into the molecular basis underpinning key agronomic traits, which are mainly quantitative in nature. To comprehend the application of basic omics in coconut vis-a-vis traits of agronomic importance, somatic embryogenesis, as well as responses to varied biotic and abiotic stresses, it is imperative to delve into the genome structure, functional integrity and collinearity of coconut with oil palm and date palm. This chapter covers the present status of achievements in the field of coconut omics via genome sequencing initiatives in coconut palm, gene expressing and small RNA profiling, metabolomics and proteomics. These multi-omics approaches can definitely provide a much needed fillip not only to decipher the evolution of the complex coconut genome but also to the extant crop improvement programs in coconut.

Molecular Breeding for Resistance to Economically Important Diseases of Pulses

Abstract: Pulses are an important part of human diet due to their high protein content relative to staple cereals. Pulses play an important role in agriculture by contributing toward food and nutritional security, nitrogen economy, crop intensification, diversification, and sustainable farming systems. They are usually grown in marginal soils, and huge losses of these precious pulses occurred due to different disease-causing microorganisms. Disease resistance in plant manifested due to specific interaction between a resistance gene product in host and an avirulence gene product in pathogen. In some cases, pathogens take opportunity to enter hosts by exploiting some favorable avenues (also called susceptibility factors) in the host. Mutation in those susceptibility factors can also lead to resistant reaction. Most of the pulse crops faced tremendous yield penalties due to diseases caused by various kinds of pathogens, viz., virus, bacteria, fungus, and pathogenic weed species, etc. Genetic resistance against those pathogens in pulse crops has been identified and well characterized. Before the onset of genome sequencing drive in these crops, plant breeders have developed molecular markers for some disease resistance. In the era of genomics and available genome sequences in major pulses, development of breeder-friendly markers got a momentum among the pulse researchers across the globe. The utilization of these markers in marker-assisted selection is being practiced in few pulse crops till now. In this chapter, we will have a glance on different diseases of important temperate and tropical pulse crops, marker information on the disease resistance, and exploitation of genomics and markers toward breeding and varietal development. This chapter will also focus on different disease screening methodologies and provide an outlook on future research prospects toward improvement of pulse for disease resistance.

Molecular Marker Technology and Its Application in Plant Breeding

Abstract: The principals of several commonly used molecular markers including RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, SCAR, STS and CAPs, are introduced and the applications of molecular markers in plant breeding are summarized from the aspects of varieties identification, gene localization, gene accumulation, selection of foreign gene, construction of genetic map

Molecular breeding research with sugar beet.

Abstract: 1 Institute of Plant Breeding, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 KIEL * Ansprechpartner: Dr. Friedrich J. KOPISCH-OBUCH, f.kopisch@plantbreeding.uni-kiel.de Abstract Breeding research in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is supported by a number of molecular tools. This paper gives a short overview of the most important tools and presents some of the molecular breeding research currently conducted at the University of Kiel including the establishment of a sugar beet TILLING platform, the cloning of beet cyst nematode resistance from B. procumbens and breeding of sugar beet as a winter crop.