Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Advances in Studies on Genetics and Breeding of Bamboos

Abstract: The research on Bamboo genetics and breeding were limited by bamboo' s characteristics and progressed slowly. In this paper, genetics study, traditional breeding and molecular breeding were discussed.In order to accelerate the research on genetics and breeding of bamboo, the authors suggested that the new technology on bamboo germplasm conservation should be invented , flowering mechanism and flower induced should be strengthened, molecular breeding and traditional breeding should be integrated and new technological basis of tissue culture should be established.

Advance in association studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene polymorphisms with traits of resistance against infectious disease in chickens

Abstract: Chicken is a main poultry in China. Molecular breeding for disease resistance plays an important role in the control of diseases, especially infectious diseases. Choice of genes for disease resistance is the key technology of molecular breeding. The MHC is of great interest to poultry breeding scientists for its extraordinary polymorphism and close relation with traits of resistance against infectious diseases. The article gives a detailed introduction about the association of MHC gene polymorphisms with traits of resistance against infectious diseases in chickens and looks towards the future of application of MHC in molecular breeding of chicken for disease resistance.

Application of molecular markers in crop breeding

Abstract: Molecular markers have been applied in studing construction of molecular linkage genetic map,genetic diversity,gene location and detection of introgression gene of cropsMolecular markers such as RFLP,RAPD,AFLP and SSR have characteristics of overcoming the defects of the classic genetic markers,and can be utilized extensively in molecular assisted breeding

Molecular Markers and Their Role in Producing Salt-Tolerant Crop Plants

Abstract: Besides drought and temperature, soil salinity is a severe abiotic environmental constraint to world agriculture, widely affecting yield and quality of crops. Increasing world population and simultaneous depletion of agricultural land created an alarming situation to meet the global food requirement. To meet this demand, it is imperative to utilize salt-affected land for agricultural produce. Researchers are actively engaged in developing salt-tolerant crop varieties using both conventional and molecular breeding technologies. Identification of salt-tolerant crop varieties using physiological and biochemical indices has become a routine technique in many laboratories. However, screening for salinity tolerance based on these indices relative to unstressed controls is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, results produced using these screening techniques are subjected to fluctuation in environmental conditions. In recent years, DNA-based molecular marker technique has been developed for screening salinity tolerance in crops. Molecular markers such as RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism), SSRs (simple sequence repeats), SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism), ILPs (intron length polymorphism), and EST-SSRs (expressed sequence tags and simple sequence repeats) have been proven useful for rapid and sensitive screening of germplasm for salinity tolerance. However, raid advances in high-throughput sequencing technology make single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) become the marker of choice for salinity tolerance studies. Identification of genomic regions associated with salinity stress tolerance is of great significance which offers new avenues in marker-assisted selection breeding program. Molecular marker-assisted breeding may help in advancing fundamental understanding of salinity tolerance in crops. This book chapter provides a comprehensive review on the role of molecular markers as selection criteria for salinity stress tolerance in plants.

The Prospects of gene introgression from crop wild relatives into cultivated lentil for climate change mitigation

Abstract: Crop wild relatives (CWRs), landraces and exotic germplasm are important sources of genetic variability, alien alleles, and useful crop traits that can help mitigate a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and crop yield reduction arising due to global climatic changes. In the pulse crop genus Lens, the cultivated varieties have a narrow genetic base due to recurrent selections, genetic bottleneck and linkage drag. The collection and characterization of wild Lens germplasm resources have offered new avenues for the genetic improvement and development of stress-tolerant, climate-resilient lentil varieties with sustainable yield gains to meet future food and nutritional requirements. Most of the lentil breeding traits such as high-yield, adaptation to abiotic stresses and resistance to diseases are quantitative and require the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for marker assisted selection and breeding. Advances in genetic diversity studies, genome mapping and advanced high-throughput sequencing technologies have helped identify many stress-responsive adaptive genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and other useful crop traits in the CWRs. The recent integration of genomics technologies with plant breeding has resulted in the generation of dense genomic linkage maps, massive global genotyping, large transcriptomic datasets, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that have advanced lentil genomic research substantially and allowed for the identification of QTLs for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. Assembly of lentil and its wild species genomes (~4Gbp) opens up newer possibilities for understanding genomic architecture and evolution of this important legume crop. This review highlights the recent strides in the characterization of wild genetic resources for useful alleles, development of high-density genetic maps, high-resolution QTL mapping, genome-wide studies, MAS, genomic selections, new databases and genome assemblies in traditionally bred genus Lens for future crop improvement amidst the impending global climate change.