Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Studying Progress in Salt-tolerant Characters of Crops

Abstract: This paper illustrates the definition,types,mechanism,identification techniques and indexes of salt tolerance of crops,and analyses the cultivation measures to increase the salt tolerance of crops.Besides,it reviews the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties in detail,including molecular markers assisted selection polymerization breeding in rice,wheat and soybean,transgenic breeding in cotton and barley,and molecular design breeding.It discusses the research prospects of salt tolerance of crops at last.

Molecular breeding of forage crops : proceedings of the 2nd Inernational Symposium, Molecular Breeding of Forage Crops, Lorne and Hamilton, Victoria, Australia, November 19-24, 2000

Abstract: Preface. 1. Breeding Forage Plants in the Genome Era G. Spangenberg, et al. 2. Breeding Methods for Forage and Amenity Grasses M.O. Humphreys. 3. Integrating Molecular Techniques to Maximise the Genetic Potential of Forage Legumes D.R. Woodfield, E.C. Brummer. 4. Modelling Plant Breeding Programs: Applications to Forage Crops M. Cooper, et al. 5. Bioinformatics Tools for Genome Projects T. Littlejohn. 6. Development and Implementation of Molecular Markers for Forage Crop Improvement J.W. Forster, et al. 7. Application of Molecular Markers to Genetic Diversity and Identity in Forage Crops R.E. Barker, S.E. Warnke. 8. Genetic Characterization of Heterogeneous Plant Populations in Forage, Turf and Native Grasses D.R. Huff. 9. Development of Molecular Markers for the Analysis of Apomixis H. Nakagawa, M. Ebina. 10. Molecular Breeding for Herbage Quality in Forage Crops M.D. Casler, H.F. Kaeppler. 11. Genetic Manipulation of Condensed Tannin Synthesis in Forage Crops M.Y. Gruber, et al. 12. Molecular Markers for Improving Nutritional Quality of Crop Residues for Ruminants C.T. Hash, et al. 13. Molecular Breeding of Forage Legumes for Virus Resistance R. Kalla, et al. 14. Trangenic Pest and Disease Resistant White Clover Plants C.R. Voisey, et al. 15. Molecular Breeding for Tolerance to Abiotic/Edaphic Stresses in Forage and Turfgrass R.R. Duncan, R.N. Carrow. 16. Molecular Interactions Between Lolium Grasses and Their Fungal Symbionts D.B. Scott. 17. AnIntegrated Functional Genomics and Genetics Approach for the Plant's Function in Symbiotic Nodulation P.M. Gresshoff, et al. 18. The Production of Value-Added Proteins in Transgenic Alfalfa S. Austin-Phillips, T. Ziegelhoffer. 19. Progress and Challenges: Forage Breeding in Temperate Australia K.F.M. Reed, et al. 20. Biosafety Risk Assessment and the Regulatory Framework for the Release of Transgenic Plants N.F. Millis. 21. The Future of Molecular Breeding of Forage Crops M.D. Hayward.

Genomics and Genetic Engineering of Rice Elucidating Cross Talk Between Stress Signaling and Nutrition Enhancement via Regulation of Antioxidant, Osmolyte, and Metabolite Levels

Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main source of staple food for human population. Salinity is the major problem for agricultural production, and it affects rice production globally. Salinity induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS can act as signaling molecules, mediating many key physiological processes. Osmotic adjustment has been shown to be an effective component of stress tolerance, and accumulation of osmoprotectants is a common response observed in different plant systems. Information on the metabolic pathways of these compatible solutes for their regulation, enzymes involved, and compartmentalization are well characterized in most important plant species. Different approaches have been developed and exploited to ameliorate the harmful effects of salinity on rice production. Genomics approaches have the potential to accelerate breeding process for the development of salt-tolerant crop cultivars. Identified genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance accelerated molecular breeding efforts to develop salt-tolerant rice cultivars. Development of genetically engineered plants with enhanced tolerance to salinity is an important challenge in rice biotechnology research. Genetic engineering has been used as a prominent tool for rice improvement. In this chapter, a detailed description of molecular mapping techniques, and major findings made by these techniques, is presented. We discuss the mechanisms by which rice perceive environmental signals and transmit them to cellular machinery to activate adaptive responses and to impart stress tolerance. Finally, we provide an overview of recent developments on the production of various transgenic lines in rice that are highly promising for stress tolerance.

Polygalacturonase genes in tomato flower and leaf abscission zones- A novel trait for molecular breeding

Abstract: Abscission of plant organs is a key process during plant life cycle and prerequisite factor involved in limiting the spread of disease, shedding of un-pollinated flowers and facilitates dispersal of seeds. In an agricultural context, abscission may become a major limiting factor for crop productivity. The organs abscise at a specific position called Abscission zone (AZ) and it is one of the prime traits to be manipulated during the crop improvement process towards the selection of reduced abscission lines. The tomato abscission polygalacturonase (TAPG) genes are abscission induced polygalacturonases and specifically induced in the AZ, which plays a major role in AZ separation. The current study had accentuated to identify the entire polygalacturonase gene families in tomato AZs, through AZ specific customized microarray. The results revealed that TAPG1, 2, 5, 7 and TPG6, PS2 genes were specifically induced and continuously overexpressed linearly along with abscission progression in tomato flower AZ. Similarly, the same set of genes were up-regulated upon abscission induction at the early hours (24 h) in the leaf AZ, indicating potential involvement in organ abscission. Our study provides new insights for the regulation of the early events in the process of tomato organ abscission and a novel trait for molecular breeding.

Development of InDel Markers for Gypsophila paniculata Based on Genome Resequencing

Abstract: Gypsophila paniculata is the only species in the genus Gypsophila that has been used as cut flowers, and the sequencing of its genome has just been completed, opening a new chapter in its molecular genetic breeding. The molecular marker system is the basis for genetic molecular research in the era of genomics, whereas it is still a gap for G. paniculata. In this study, we constructed a genome-wide InDel marker system of G. paniculata after genome resequencing of another wild-type accession with white flowers. Consequently, 407 InDel markers at a distance of ~2 Mb were designed for all 17 chromosomes. Later, the validation of these markers by PCR revealed that 289 markers could distinguish alleles of the two wild-type alleles clearly. The predicted polymorphisms of two wild-type alleles were then transferred to the commercial cultivars, which displayed a rich polymorphism among four commercial cultivars. Our research established the first genome-level genetic map in G. paniculata, providing a comprehensive set of marker systems for its molecular research.