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Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.


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Journal Article
TL;DR: The improvement of the nutritional status as well as approaches of crops to make a positive impact on mankind are discussed.
Abstract: Biofortification is the process of breeding nutrients into food crops, provides a sustainable, long-term strategy for delivering micronutrients to rural populations in developing countries. Biofortified staple crops such as rice, maize and wheat harbouring essential micronutrients to benefit the world’s malnutrient population are under development as well as new varieties of crops which have the ability to combat chronic disease. This review discusses the improvement of the nutritional status as well as approaches of crops to make a positive impact on mankind. Crops are being bred for higher levels of micronutrients using both conventional and molecular Breeding methods; several conventional varieties have been released, while additional conventional and transgenic varieties are in the breeding pipeline. Biofortification is a promising strategy for combating hidden hunger in all over world.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The availability and application of genomic tools is leading to a new Green Revolution that, hopefully, will be able to cope with the challenges faced by agriculture in this century.
Abstract: During the last century, conventional plant breeding, mostly based in the evaluation at the phenotypic level, has been very successful in increasing the crop yields and in consequence the global production of food. Maize, rice and wheat, the three most important staple crops for mankind, are typical examples of the dramatic increases in yield achieved thanks to the application of the combination of new cultivars with improved cultivation techniques. Conventional plant breeding has been based in developing efficient methodologies for exploiting the available phenotypic variation present in the crops and wild relatives. However, the recent advances in genomics, which allow the direct study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, are bringing a new paradigm shift in plant breeding. Developments in next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics, are providing breeders with new tools, like large collections of markers which facilitate, among others, developing ultra dense genetic maps, or obtaining new populations of interest in plant breeding, like near isogenic lines (NILs), introgression lines (ILs), or chromosome substitution lines (CSSLs). Also, new approaches like TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) and EcoTILLING (Ecotype TILLING) are allowing discovering genetic variants for genes of interest. All these genomic tools are of great utility for plant breeding as they make possible genome-wide diversity studies of genetic resources, the discovery of genes and QTLs for traits and interest, and marker assisted selection (MAS) including backcross selection, pyramiding of genes, “breeding by design”, or genomic selection (GS). The availability and application of genomic tools is leading to a new Green Revolution that, hopefully, will be able to cope with the challenges faced by agriculture in this century.

1 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The specific needs of molecular applications in practical plant breeding are investigated and the particular approach of a plant breeding company to automate them, in order to increase their availability to breeding programs, is described.
Abstract: Plant breeders constantly need to adapt their research to the ever-changing market needs and agricultural practices. To achieve these goals, they need to competently combine different genetically-governed characters in a genotype, this is a complex, time-consuming and labour intensive task. In modern plant breeding, molecular markers are of increasing importance, and it is today undeniable that their application inhold tremendous possibilities to increase plant breeding efficiency. While the methods are more widely adopted, the capacity for high-throughput analyses at low cost becomes crucial for their practical use. To be attractive it is necessary that molecular technology is able to promptly handle sufficiently large amounts of material at reduced costs. Automation of the analysis processes is a way to meet these requirements. In that purpose, the specific needs of molecular applications in practical plant breeding are investigated in this chapter. The particular approach of a plant breeding company to automate them, in order to increase their availability to breeding programs, is described.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a review highlights the using association techniques for identifying novel QTLs/genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance in wheat that can help to improve salt tolerance through marker-assisted breeding programs.
Abstract: Salinity stress declines plant growth and its efficiency, which is leading to a substantial reduction in crop yield. Presently, the worldwide challenges are to meet the food consumption demand, along with the decreasing crop productivity per unit area at the same time of stress environment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major cereal grain crops and losses gain yield exceeds the 60% due to salinity stress. Now, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive understanding of salt tolerance contrivances and the assortment of reliable tolerance indices is crucial for breeding salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. The specific chromosomal location of these salt-tolerant genes or genetic loci has also been partially characterized through QTLs mapping that cannot use directly in breeding programs. This information helps the efficient transfer of these genes into other crop cultivars through molecular breeding tools. This review highlights the using association techniques for identifying novel QTLs/genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance in wheat that can help to improve salt tolerance in wheat through marker-assisted breeding programs.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were converted into Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers.
Abstract: Although wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main staple crop in the world and a major source of carbohydrates and proteins, functional genomics and allele mining are still big challenges. Given the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the identification of causal variants associated with a target phenotype has become feasible. For these reasons, here, by combining sequence capture and target-enrichment methods with high-throughput NGS re-sequencing, we were able to scan at exome-wide level 46 randomly selected bread wheat individuals from a recombinant inbred line population and to identify and classify a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For technical validation of results, eight randomly selected SNPs were converted into Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. This resource was established as an accessible and reusable molecular toolkit for allele data mining. The dataset we are making available could be exploited for novel studies on bread wheat genetics and as a foundation for starting breeding programs aimed at improving different key agronomic traits.

1 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202383
2022153
2021156
2020143
2019169
2018137