Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Role of Molecular Breeding in Genetic Improvement of Pigeonpea

Abstract: Advances in molecular breeding tools and approaches in pigeonpea have allowed addressing many significantly scientific questions that are impossible to do so before. Recent progress in the development of genome-scale data sets for pigeonpea offers important new possibilities for crop improvement. This progress will enable biotechnologists to more rapidly and precisely target genes that underlie key agronomic traits. Among the most important agronomic targets are a series of abiotic and biotic stresses that limit crop productivity. Molecular analysis of germplasm collections with new-generation genomic tools will accelerate trait discovery through methods such as linkage and association mapping. Use of molecular markers in diverse mapping populations in pigeonpea will facilitate the construction of a genetic map, mapping, and map based cloning of disease resistance genes, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and the integration of phenotypic data across the different mapping populations. Moreover, organized genome resources, including physical maps and functional genomics tools, will facilitate the isolation of genes for resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Molecular markers identified from these approaches that are associated with traits of importance to breeders should accelerate pigeonpea improvement via marker assisted selection (MAS) or transgenic approaches. Ultimately the availability of high-throughput and cost-effective genotyping platforms, combined with automation in phenotyping methodologies, will increase the uptake of genomic tools into breeding programs, and thus usher in an era of genomics-enabled molecular breeding in these legumes. Modern molecular breeding methods together with the power of genomics and genetic resources developed will revolutionize pigeonpea crop improvement, and consequently benefit farmers and consumers of this important pulse crop of India and the semi-arid regions of the world.

Major viral diseases in grain legumes: designing disease resistant legumes from plant breeding and OMICS integration

Abstract: Grain legumes play a crucial role in human nutrition and as a staple crop for low-income farmers in developing and underdeveloped nations, contributing to overall food security and agroecosystem services. Viral diseases are major biotic stresses that severely challenge global grain legume production. In this review, we discuss how exploring naturally resistant grain legume genotypes within germplasm, landraces, and crop wild relatives could be used as promising, economically viable, and eco-environmentally friendly solution to reduce yield losses. Studies based on Mendelian and classical genetics have enhanced our understanding of key genetic determinants that govern resistance to various viral diseases in grain legumes. Recent advances in molecular marker technology and genomic resources have enabled us to identify genomic regions controlling viral disease resistance in various grain legumes using techniques such as QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, whole-genome resequencing, pangenome and ‘omics’ approaches. These comprehensive genomic resources have expedited the adoption of genomics-assisted breeding for developing virus-resistant grain legumes. Concurrently, progress in functional genomics, especially transcriptomics, has helped unravel underlying candidate gene(s) and their roles in viral disease resistance in legumes. This review also examines the progress in genetic engineering-based strategies, including RNA interference, and the potential of synthetic biology techniques, such as synthetic promoters and synthetic transcription factors, for creating viral-resistant grain legumes. It also elaborates on the prospects and limitations of cutting-edge breeding technologies and emerging biotechnological tools (e.g., genomic selection, rapid generation advances, and CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tool) in developing virus-disease-resistant grain legumes to ensure global food security.

QTL and Candidate Genes: Techniques and Advancement in Abiotic Stress Resistance Breeding of Major Cereals

Abstract: At least 75% of the world’s grain production comes from the three most important cereal crops: rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays). However, abiotic stressors such as heavy metal toxicity, salinity, low temperatures, and drought are all significant hazards to the growth and development of these grains. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) discovery and mapping have enhanced agricultural production and output by enabling plant breeders to better comprehend abiotic stress tolerance processes in cereals. Molecular markers and stable QTL are important for molecular breeding and candidate gene discovery, which may be utilized in transgenic or molecular introgression. Researchers can now study synteny between rice, maize, and wheat to gain a better understanding of the relationships between the QTL or genes that are important for a particular stress adaptation and phenotypic improvement in these cereals from analyzing reports on QTL and candidate genes. An overview of constitutive QTL, adaptive QTL, and significant stable multi-environment and multi-trait QTL is provided in this article as a solid framework for use and knowledge in genetic enhancement. Several QTL, such as DRO1 and Saltol, and other significant success cases are discussed in this review. We have highlighted techniques and advancements for abiotic stress tolerance breeding programs in cereals, the challenges encountered in introgressing beneficial QTL using traditional breeding techniques such as mutation breeding and marker-assisted selection (MAS), and the in roads made by new breeding methods such as genome-wide association studies (GWASs), the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, and meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis. A combination of these conventional and modern breeding approaches can be used to apply the QTL and candidate gene information in genetic improvement of cereals against abiotic stresses.

Molecular marker closely linked with wheatear grain number major QTL and application of molecular marker

Abstract: The invention discloses a molecular marker closely linked with wheatear grain number major QTL. Wheat genome DNA serves as a template, a PCR primer pair is adopted to conduct PCR amplification, the amplificated product is subjected to ionophortic separation through polyacrylamide gel to obtain the molecular marker 2A-654918338. The invention further discloses application of the molecular marker 2A-654918338 in detecting whether a wheat variety or line contains the QTL for increasing the wheatear grain number and application of the molecular marker 2A-654918338 in molecular breeding of wheat. By means of the molecular marker, the genetic improvement progress of the wheatear grain number is accelerated, the selection efficiency and quality of the wheat variety or line are greatly improved, identification of the target gene in wheat genetic resources and breeding progenies is directly achieved, and more new wheatear grain number genetic resources are developed for wheat breeding.

Molecular marker for Brassica napus L. MI CMS (Cytoplasm Sterile System) restore gene Rfm and application thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a molecular mark for Brassica napus L. MI CMS system restore gene Rfm and application thereof, and belongs to the field of crop molecular breeding. Genome physical interval inwhich Rfm gene is located is determined by hybridizing Brassica napus L. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip and Rfm gene near-isogenic line so that a simple sequence repeat marker is developedby taking an Brassica napus L. genome sequence as a basis; a marker which is most linked the Rfm restore gene is obtained by screening, and is applied to practice. The molecular marker developed by the invention can be applied to assistant breeding of the molecular marker of the MI CMS system restoring line, the breeding process of the restoring is accelerated, the breeding efficiency is improved;the purity of the hybrid seeds of the MI CMS system can be identified, and high accuracy is achieved.