Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

A rapid DNA extraction method for large maize populations

Abstract: Maize is one of the most important crops in China.With the development of molecular biology,molecular breeding is becoming one of the hot spots in maize genetics and improvement.The rapid method of DNA extraction with high efficiency is the first step in large-scale molecular breeding.Therefore,developing a rapid DNA extraction method for large maize populations is necessary to meet the need of the small labs in China.In this study,a new method of extracting DNA for genotyping large populations was developed.Firstly,kernel endosperm tissue in maize was used to extract DNA by using the improved alkali-boiling method;secondly,tender leaf tissue in maize was used to extract DNA by utilizing electric drill milling and simplified CTAB method.These two methods were combined to prepare DNA for genotyping before and after planting.Compared with the conventional ways of genotyping in large populations,this new method with higher efficiency and lower costs could be widely used in maize molecular breeding.

Molecular aspects of columnar growth in apple

Abstract: The dominantly inherited columnar trait of 'Wijcik' apple is caused by a somatic mutation in apple cv. 'McIntosh'. By comparing the genomic sequences of 'McIntosh' and 'Wijcik', an insertion was found in the Co region that was mapped in 'Wijcik'. This insertion was shown to be associated with increased expression of a gene, MdCo31, located more than 15 kb downstream. A discrepancy was found between the size of the insertion as described by Wolters et al. in 2013 and as described almost two months later by Otto et al. (2013). This discrepancy is solved in this chapter and the mutation that is involved in the columnar phenotype of 'Wijcik' is characterised in more detail. The 'Wijcik' insertion is classified as a nonautonomous retrotransposon of 8.2 kb, which inserted into the 5’ LTR of another retrotransposon of 4.0 kb that was already present in the 'McIntosh' genome. Using the LTR sequences of the retrotransposons, copies of both elements are identified throughout the 'Golden Delicious' genome. Elements similar to the retrotransposon that was found in 'McIntosh' show a preference for inserting in gene rich regions, while the element that was found inserted in 'Wijcik' does not show such a preference. The 'Wijcik' mutation is another example of how transposons can affect specific properties of their host, but the mechanism by which the 'Wijcik' transposon leads to increased expression of MdCo31 is still unknown. Addressing this question would be a very interesting topic for further studies. Introduction Although genome sizes vary greatly among different plant species (from the ~125-megabase genome of Arabidopsis to the largest sequenced plant genome so far, the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize) (The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative 2000; Schnable et al. 2009), the total gene number is rather constant among different plant species. Only a relatively small part of the Arabidopsis genome is formed by repetitive DNA, whereas repetitive DNA represents the major part of the maize genome (Meyers et al. 2001).

Functional molecular marker of blast resistance gene Pi2 and application of functional molecular marker

Abstract: The invention discloses a functional molecular marker of a blast resistance gene Pi2 and application of the functional molecular marker. The functional molecular marker of the blast resistance gene Pi2 is characterized by comprising the following primers: 2Pi2-F: 5'-GACAGTTTCATTATGACAACTTTAG-3'; 2Pi2-R: 5'-AAGTGTTCCACCATCTGAGATTCCT-3'; 2WT-R: 5'-AAGTGTTCCAATATCTGATAATAAC-3'; or 2WT-1R: 5'-AAGTGTTCCAATAATACCTGAGAATAAC-3'. The functional molecular marker disclosed by the invention is simple, convenient and rapid and is low in cost; the functional molecular marker is applicable to assisted selection of molecular markers of segregation populations with rice blast resistance of Pi2 improved rice; and the breeding efficiency is improved and the requirements of large-scale molecular breeding are met.

Cloning of potassium transport genes in higher plants and crop molecular breeding

Abstract: Potassium plays central roles in plant growth and development. Current knowledge about the genes involved in K + uptake and transport in higher plants and recent work on molecular breeding for increasing potassium use efficiency has been summarized.

Molecular marker linked to content of tea tree (+)-catechin and application of molecular marker

Abstract: The invention discloses a molecular marker linked to the content of tea tree (+)-catechin and application of the molecular marker. SNP molecular marker sites located on sites Scaffold 3614:66549, Scaffold 349:3413816 and Scaffold 1989:2316385 on a tea tree genome and related to the content of (+)-catechin are firstly found, and the SNP molecular marker sites are very significantly related to the content of (+)-catechin. A detection method for detecting each site is further established. One or a plurality of molecular markers can be used for evaluating the content of catechin of the tea tree for further used in high (+)-catechin tea tree resource selection and molecular breeding, and great research value is achieved.