Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding for Crop Improvement

Abstract: Recent advancement in plant molecular biology in addition to traditional breeding programs includes genome editing, nanotechnology, genomics and proteomics, next-generation sequencing, genetic engineering and marker-assisted breeding for rapid and efficient crops and new cultivar development. The innovation of molecular marker technology for identification and mapping of genes/quantitative trait loci is a novel breeding approach since it opened a new platform in the field of molecular breeding. Development of marker-assisted selection/breeding for inherited traits technique accelerated the integration of functional markers in available breeding programs and gave rise to a new discipline known as ‘molecular breeding’ or ‘smart breeding’. There is no existing marker that accomplishes all the requirements of a plant breeder and molecular biologist. Researchers today can choose systemic and easily scorable suitable markers differing in working principle, applications and methodologies based on their requirement and careful considerations. The purpose of this chapter is to convey a new emerging powerful technology for crop improvement called ‘marker-assisted breeding’, which uses various specific functional markers designed and successfully applied in cultivar identification, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies, marker-assisted backcrossing, genomic selection, biotic and abiotic stress and gene pyramiding.

New Frontier of Plant Breeding Using Gamma Irradiation and Biotechnology

Abstract: Mutation is an underlying cause of evolution as a mutant, either natural or artificial, with a novel trait may be preferentially selected for nature because of its superior survival adaptive features. Because of the desirability of the novelty, mutation is the heritable change to an individual’s genetic makeup, which is passed on from parent to offspring and thereby, drives evolution. In nature, mutations are spontaneously caused by errors in the DNA replication. Gamma radiation induced mutation in plant breeding is the one effective method that can cause DNA changes via direct and indirect actions. Many crop varieties have been created using gamma irradiation mutagenesis technology for trait improvement that enhance the characteristic or increase the abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Plant breeding and genetics procedure usually start from mutation induction by gamma irradiation and work with the other modern enabling technologies, such as tissue culture or molecular genetics. Tissue culture and bioreactor techniques are used for synthesizing new plant varieties, while the molecular genetic technique is used for genetic analysis of the new varieties. The irradiation coupled with new modern tissue culture and molecular genetic technology is widely used to induce plant mutation breeding for creating new commercial plant varieties.

Polyphenolic phenomena: transgenic analysis of some of the factors that regulate the cell-specific accumulation of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in forage crops

Abstract: Robbins, M P, Allison, G G, Bryant, D N, Morris, P (2005) Polyphenolic phenomena: transgenic analysis of some of the factors that regulate the cell-specific accumulation of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in forage crops Page 226 in: Humphreys, M O (Ed), Molecular Breeding for the Genetic Improvement of Forage Crops and Turf Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf XXth International Grassland Congress, July 2005, Aberystwyth, Wales

Application of overexpressed Chinese cabbage MYB55 on Brassica napus molecular breeding

Abstract: The invention discloses application of overexpressed Chinese cabbage MYB55 on Brassica napus molecular breeding. The application method comprises the following steps of: transforming a black-seed Brassica napus variety Zhongshuang No.10 by constructing a sense overexpressed plant vector to obtain a transgenic positive plant; the development of the transgenic positive plant is obviously delayed, the height of the plant is obviously lower than that of the control plant before the full-bloom stage, but the cross growth of the transgenic plant is developed; reproductive growth of the transgenic plant is delayed for 3-5 days compared with a control wild-type plant, but the amounts of flowers, buds and horns are increased, so that the yield of the entire transgenic plants is increased. The histological anatomy observation of the transgenic plant shows that vascular bundles of the transgenic plant stem are larger, xylem is thicker and larger, and the breaking-resistant strength is increased.In addition, the transgenic plant stem is inoculated with sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a disease spot of the transgenic plant stem is obviously smaller than that of the wild-type plant, and the above results show that BrMYB55 pays a role in the growth and development of the plant, increases the yield, and pays a role in the lodging-resistant and sclerotinia sclerotiorum-resistant processes of the plant.

Super hybrid rice

Abstract: Plant breeders realize that, up to now, there are only two effective ways to in-crease the yield potential of crops through breeding, i.e. morphologic improvement and heterosis utilization. However, the potential is very limited by using morphologic improvement alone, and heterosis breeding will produce undesirable results if it does not combine with morphologic improvement. Any other breeding approaches and methods including high technology like molecular breeding must be incorporated in-to good morphologic characters and strong heterosis, otherwise there will be no actu-al contributions to yield increase. On the other hand , the further development of plant breeding for high target must rely on the progress of biotechnology.