Molecular breeding

About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.

The State of the Art: Molecular Genomics and Marker-Assisted Breeding

Abstract: Focus on tree biotechnology reflects the challenges posed by the genetic attributes of trees. The genetic attributes of trees stand in stark contrast to those of domesticated annual crops. Trees typically have long generation times and are wind pollinated with out-crossing mating systems. Traditional tree breeding is a lengthy process that cannot efficiently capture nonadditive genetic variation, primarily because inbred lines would suffer from inbreeding depression. Clonal propagation of elite genotypes allows for the capture of both additive and nonadditive genetic variation, and the addition of transgenes can confer new or enhanced traits. The molecular analysis of plants often focused on the single gene level. But the recent technological advances have changed this paradigm. The way the genes and genetic information are organized within the genome and the methods of collecting and analyzing this information and the determination of their biological functionality are referred to as genomics. Genomic approaches are permeating every aspect of plant biology, and since they rely on DNA-coded information, they expand molecular analyses from a single to a multispecies level. Plant genomics is reversing the previous paradigm of identifying genes behind biological functions and instead focuses on finding biological functions behind genes. It also reduces the gap between phenotype and genotype. This introductory chapter overviews two main sections: first, the current understanding of genomes, their genetic structure at the inter- and intra-species level, and how whole genomes are sequenced; and second, on finding the biological and functional significance of DNA sequence. It is also worthwhile to note that these technologies, though extensively used in agricultural species, are only used in forest tree species research. Except for some tropical (avocado, mango, and papaya) and temperate (apple, Prunus, and Pyurus) fruit species, these ­techniques are not extensively used in other tree crops.

Research Progress on Root-knot Nematode Disease Resistance Breeding of Solanaceous Fruit Vegetable

Abstract: In this paper,progress and achievements of molecular breeding for tomato,pepper root-knot nematode resistance have been reviewed.It analyzes the existing problems and prospects the future research orientation.

Molecular breeding method of new varieties of cynoglossus semilaevis

Abstract: The invention discloses a molecular breeding method of new varieties of cynoglossus semilaevis and solves the problems that in current cynoglossus semilaevis breeding and cultivation, an intraspecific hybridization method has high randomness and low good variety breeding probability and a group breeding method causes inbreeding easily and thus causes reduction of economic traits and productivity The method comprises breeding steps as follows: 1, selecting phenotypic characters; 2, detecting and analyzing genetic composition of male and female parents; 3, selecting parents in different breeding family trees, and performing grouping with the genetic distance between the parents of 07-10 as the threshold range; 4, breeding offspring until sexual maturity; 5, with cynoglossus semilaevis offspring as a new generation of parents, repeating operation in steps 1 to 4 until meeting the design requirement of the new varieties of cynoglossus semilaevis According to the method, during breeding of the new varieties of cynoglossus semilaevis, the breeding family tree of each generation of parents is detected all the time, grouping is performed with the genetic distance between the parents of 07-10 as the threshold range, inbreeding can be avoided, the characters of the new varieties of cynoglossus semilaevis can be selected in the set direction, the economic characters and productivity can be significantly improved, and the probability of occurrence of superior new varieties can be increased