Topic
Molecular breeding
About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.
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01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes progress in gene cloning, gene specific marker (functional marker) development and validation, establishment of high-throughput platform in genotyping, as well as integration of molecular marker technology with conventional quality testing and traditional breeding since 2000.
Abstract: Molecular marker technology has provided a novel and efficient tool for improving qualities in bread wheat. This chapter summarizes progress in gene cloning, gene specific marker (functional marker) development and validation, establishment of high-throughput platform in genotyping, as well as integration of molecular marker technology with conventional quality testing and traditional breeding since 2000. Comparative genomic approach was used to discover more than 20 loci controlling important quality traits, and to develop and validate around 66 gene-specific markers for quality traits such as high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, color associated traits including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and yellow pigment, as well as starch parameters. Now the availability of reference wheat genome sequence and on-going efforts to sequence diverse wheat cultivars would offer new opportunities to identify loci responsible for various quality traits through improved genome-wide association study (GWAS) and analytical approaches. Development of high-throughput genotyping platform such as SNP arrays, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and Kompetitive Allele-specific PCR (KASP) have been well-established and will accelerate molecular breeding progress for quality improvement. New cultivars carrying excellent bread-making quality and outstanding agronomic performance such as Zhongmai 1062 and Jimai 23 were developed. Future strategies in using molecular markers in the context of gene-editing to fine tune allelic effects are also discussed.
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: The organizational background of SGWG and the targets of the SGP are introduced in this chapter and they include deciphering a great amount of genes or molecular markers and elucidating the sesame genome characters.
Abstract: With the development of sesame industry in the world, the requirement for increasing the breeding efficiency and realizing various breeding objectives with the aid of modern molecular breeding techniques has become more and more urgent. In order to realize molecular breeding and concisely aggregate the elite genes into new varieties in sesame, deciphering a great amount of genes or molecular markers and elucidating the sesame genome characters are the key issues. Based on the above requisites, Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China organized the Sesame Genome Working Group (SGWG) in 2009 and initiated the Sesame Genome Project (SGP) in 2010. The organizational background of SGWG and the targets of the SGP are also introduced in this chapter.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Poultry breeding utilizes genetic principles to accomplish the goals of poultry producers for meat or egg production through the mechanism of heredity.
Abstract: The science of genetics deals with the transmission of individual characteristics of both parents to the offspring through the mechanism of heredity. Poultry breeding utilizes genetic principles to accomplish the goals of poultry producers for meat or egg production.
29 May 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide an overview of integrating genomic approaches and biotechnology in sesame breeding programs focused on improving drought and salinity tolerance and discuss the potential for developing resilient sesame cultivars in the face of climate change.
Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oilseed crop cultivated for its rich oil, protein, and essential nutrients. However, changing environmental conditions due to climate change poses significant challenges to sesame production. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, can severely impact sesame yield and productivity. Integrating genomic approaches and biotechnology in sesame breeding offers significant promise for developing resilient sesame cultivars with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. GWAS (Genome-wide association studies) have identified genes and QTL (quantitative trait loci) associated with drought and salinity tolerance in sesame. The genomic selection offers several advantages over traditional breeding methods, enabling the efficient development of stress-tolerant sesame cultivars. Biotechnological tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, allow for precise modification of specific genes, facilitating the introduction of desirable traits into sesame cultivars. The integration of these approaches offers promising opportunities for the targeted improvement of tolerance against abiotic stresses in sesame. However, addressing ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding the use of biotechnology in plant breeding will be vital for ensuring the safe and responsible application of these technologies. This review paper provides an overview of integrating genomic approaches and biotechnology in sesame breeding programs focused on improving drought and salinity tolerance and discusses the potential for developing resilient sesame cultivars in the face of climate change.