Topic
Molecular breeding
About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Sunflower breeders worldwide should commit to a greater use of wild Helianthus species in breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses, and make more use of molecular breeding techniques.
Abstract: Due to a specific structure of its main organs (root, stem, leaves, head), sunflower can be successfully grown on marginal soils and in semi-arid conditions and it is more resistant to abiotic stresses than other field crops. In sunflower breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses, the greatest progress has been made in selection for drought resistance. Breeders use over 30 different parameters in sunflower screening for drought resistance, with physiological ones being the predominant type. Best breeding results have been achieved using the phenomenon of stay-green, with the added bonus that this method incorporates into the cultivated sunflower not only drought resistance but resistance to Macrophomina and Phomopsis as well. The diversity of the wild Helianthus species offers great possibilities for increasing the genetic resistance of the cultivated sunflower towards abiotic stresses. In using wild sunflower species in sunflower breeding for drought resistance and resistance to salinity, best results have so far been achieved with H. argophyllus and H. paradoxus, respectively. In addition to the use of wild Helianthus species, sunflower breeding for abiotic stress resistance should also make more use of molecular breeding techniques. More progress has been made in sunflower breeding for heat resistance than in that for cold resistance. Specific breeding programs dealing with sunflower resistance to mineral deficiency and mineral toxicity have yet to be established. Sunflower breeders worldwide should commit to a greater use of wild Helianthus species in breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses.
44 citations
••
15 Sep 2020TL;DR: The regulation of the miR156 module and its interaction with SPL factors are studied to understand the developmental transition of various plant species and provide a strong background for plant biotechnology and is an important source of information for further molecular breeding to optimize farming productivity.
Abstract: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA found in eukaryotic cells that can regulate the expression of many genes at the post-transcriptional level. Among various plant miRNAs with diverse functions, miR156 plays a key role in biological processes, including developmental regulation, immune response, metabolic regulation, and abiotic stress. MiRNAs have become the regulatory center for plant growth and development. MicroRNA156 (miR156) is a highly conserved and emerging tool for the improvement of plant traits, including crop productivity and stress tolerance. Fine-tuning of squamosa promoter biding-like (SPL) gene expression might be a useful strategy for crop improvement. Here, we studied the regulation of the miR156 module and its interaction with SPL factors to understand the developmental transition of various plant species. Furthermore, this review provides a strong background for plant biotechnology and is an important source of information for further molecular breeding to optimize farming productivity.
44 citations
••
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of sources of resistance to a broad range of pathogens in pepper can be found in this article, revisiting the classical genetic studies and showing the contribution of genomics for the understanding of the molecular basis of resistance.
Abstract: Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the major vegetable crops grown worldwide largely appreciated for its economic importance and nutritional value. This crop belongs to the large Solanaceae family, which, among more than 90 genera and 2500 species of flowering plants, includes commercially important vegetables such as tomato and eggplant. The genus includes over 30 species, five of which (C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens) are domesticated and mainly grown for consumption as food and for non-food purposes (e.g., cosmetics). The main challenges for vegetable crop improvement are linked to the sustainable development of agriculture, food security, the growing consumers’ demand for food. Furthermore, demographic trends and changes to climate require more efficient use of plant genetic resources in breeding programs. Increases in pepper consumption have been observed in the past 20 years, and for maintaining this trend, the development of new resistant and high yielding varieties is demanded. The range of pathogens afflicting peppers is very broad and includes fungi, viruses, bacteria, and insects. In this context, the large number of accessions of domesticated and wild species stored in the world seed banks represents a valuable resource for breeding in order to transfer traits related to resistance mechanisms to various biotic stresses. In the present review, we report comprehensive information on sources of resistance to a broad range of pathogens in pepper, revisiting the classical genetic studies and showing the contribution of genomics for the understanding of the molecular basis of resistance.
43 citations
••
TL;DR: This study presents an efficient custom SNP assay development pipeline in the complex polyploid Brassica genome and demonstrates the utility of the array for high-throughput genotyping in a number of related Brassica species.
Abstract: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)are molecular markers based on nucleotide variation and can be used for genotyping assays across populations and to track genomic inheritance. SNPs offer a comprehensive genotyping alternative to whole-genome sequencing for both agricultural and research purposes including molecular breeding and diagnostics, genome evolution and genetic diversity analyses, genetic mapping, and trait association studies. Here genomic SNPs were discovered between four cultivars of the important amphidiploid oilseed species Brassica napus and used to develop a B. napus Infinium™ array containing 5,306 SNPs randomly dispersed across the genome. Assay success was high, with >94 % of these producing a reproducible, polymorphic genotype in the 1,070 samples screened. Although the assay was designed to B. napus, successful SNP amplification was achieved in the B. napus progenitor species, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, and to a lesser extent in the related species Brassica nigra. Phylogenetic analysis was consistent with the expected relationships between B. napus individuals. This study presents an efficient custom SNP assay development pipeline in the complex polyploid Brassica genome and demonstrates the utility of the array for high-throughput genotyping in a number of related Brassica species. It also demonstrates the utility of this assay in genotyping resistance genes on chromosome A7, which segregate amongst the 1,070 samples.
43 citations
••
TL;DR: These identified QTLs with flanking SNPs of known genomic positions could be used to improve grain yield, flowering time, and stay-green in sorghum molecular breeding programs.
Abstract: Molecular breeding can complement traditional breeding approaches to achieve genetic gains in a more efficient way. In the present study, genetic mapping was conducted in a sorghum recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from Tx436 (a non-stay-green high food quality inbred) × 00MN7645 (a stay-green high yield inbred) and evaluated in eight environments (location and year combination) in a hybrid background of Tx3042 (a non-stay-green A-line). Phenotyping was conducted for agronomic traits (grain yield and flowering time), physiological traits of stay-green (chlorophyll content [SPAD] and chlorophyll fluorescence [Fᵥ/Fₘ] measured on the leaves), and green leaf area visual score (GLAVS). This population was genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. Data processing resulted in 7144 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were used in a genome-wide single marker scan with physical distance. A selected subset of 1414 SNPs was used for composite interval mapping (CIM) with genetic distance. These complementary methods revealed fifteen QTLs for the traits studied. In addition, QTL mapping for individual environments and year-wise combinations revealed 42 QTLs. A consistent QTL for grain yield under normal and stressed conditions was identified in chromosome 1 that explained 8 to 16% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs for flowering time were identified in chromosomes 2, 6, and 9 that explained 6 to 11% of the phenotypic variation. Stay-green QTLs in chromosomes 3 and 4 explained 8 to 24% of the phenotypic variation. These identified QTLs with flanking SNPs of known genomic positions could be used to improve grain yield, flowering time, and stay-green in sorghum molecular breeding programs.
43 citations