Topic
Molecular breeding
About: Molecular breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2120 publications have been published within this topic receiving 56908 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: The data indicated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective in producing homozygous mutants for functional analysis, but it may be not as precise as expected in rice, and that early and accurate molecular characterization and screening must be carried out for generations before transitioning of the CRisPR/ Cas9 system from laboratory to field.
28 citations
TL;DR: The markers and genetic map developed in this study could provide an important foundation not only for comparative genomics studies within Brassica oleracea species but also for quantitative trait loci identification and molecular breeding of cauliflower.
Abstract: Molecular markers and genetic maps play an important role in plant genomics and breeding studies. Cauliflower is an important and distinctive vegetable; however, very few molecular resources have been reported for this species. In this study, a novel, specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing strategy was employed for large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and high-density genetic map construction in a double-haploid, segregating population of cauliflower. A total of 12.47 Gb raw data containing 77.92 M pair-end reads were obtained after processing and 6,815 polymorphic SLAFs between the two parents were detected. The average sequencing depths reached 52.66-fold for the female parent and 49.35-fold for the male parent. Subsequently, these polymorphic SLAFs were used to genotype the population and further filtered based on several criteria to construct a genetic linkage map of cauliflower. Finally, 1,776 high-quality SLAF markers, including 2,741 SNPs, constituted the linkage map with average data integrity of 95.68%. The final map spanned a total genetic length of 890.01 cM with an average marker interval of 0.50 cM, and covered 364.9 Mb of the reference genome. The markers and genetic map developed in this study could provide an important foundation not only for comparative genomics studies within Brassica oleracea species but also for quantitative trait loci identification and molecular breeding of cauliflower.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the socioeconomic impact of current commercial fruit cultivars developed by genetic engineering and the potential impact of genome editing on the development of improved cultivars at an accelerated rate is discussed.
Abstract: Breeding has been used successfully for many years in the fruit industry, giving rise to most of today’s commercial fruit cultivars. More recently, new molecular breeding techniques have addressed some of the constraints of conventional breeding. However, the development and commercial introduction of such novel fruits has been slow and limited with only five genetically engineered fruits currently produced as commercial varieties—virus-resistant papaya and squash were commercialized 25 years ago, whereas insect-resistant eggplant, non-browning apple, and pink-fleshed pineapple have been approved for commercialization within the last 6 years and production continues to increase every year. Advances in molecular genetics, particularly the new wave of genome editing technologies, provide opportunities to develop new fruit cultivars more rapidly. Our review, emphasizes the socioeconomic impact of current commercial fruit cultivars developed by genetic engineering and the potential impact of genome editing on the development of improved cultivars at an accelerated rate.
28 citations
TL;DR: The understanding of agronomically important phenotypes may benefit from the analysis of genetic polymorphisms of trans-acting regulators affecting transgene expression, and therefore can allow for the optimization of expression both of current and future transgenic lines.
Abstract: In the past, plant breeders dealt with complex agronomic traits in crops, such as drought, pest resistance, yield, and standability, through field observations and standard breeding practices. The evolution to molecular breeding has yielded a deeper understanding of the interacting quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of the complex traits and has exposed underlying genetic variation useful in marker-assisted breeding. Current momentum in QTL analysis is toward understanding the genetic regulation of gene expression as studied by the quantification of transcript levels of genes, or expression QTL (eQTL). Large scale microarray studies have elucidated the genetic regulation of entire transcriptomes, in the process known as genetical genomics, and are beginning to build biochemical pathways of interacting genes on the basis of variations in transcript levels. In addition to understanding general patterns of gene expression, these genetical genomic studies are creating caches of information useful for a multitude of applications. As one gene regulates the level of expression of another (trans-acting eQTL), novel upstream or downstream components in gene regulation pathways can be identified. In addition to steady state analysis, the induction of stimuli such as drought can lead to a deeper understanding of gene networks that are activated under such conditions. Correlation of measured transcript levels (eQTL phenotype) with classic QTL phenotypes may suggest functional roles for the allelic variation in gene expression and serve as a predictor of downstream effects on plant development, morphology, and agronomic interest. Finally, the analysis of the activation of particular genes under steady state or external stimuli treatment provides insight into the functionality of endogenous promoters. While promoters used for transgenic expression have been thoroughly analyzed in model systems and model inbred lines, the understanding of agronomically important phenotypes may benefit from the analysis of genetic polymorphisms of trans-acting regulators affecting transgene expression, and therefore can allow for the optimization of expression both of current and future transgenic lines.
28 citations
TL;DR: This database includes information on DNA markers, e.g., SSR and SNP markers, genetic linkage maps, and physical maps, that were developed at the Kazusa DNA Research Institute, to provide useful genomic information for agronomical plants.
Abstract: In order to provide useful genomic information for agronomical plants, we have established a database, the Kazusa Marker DataBase (http://marker.kazusa.or.jp). This database includes information on DNA markers, e.g., SSR and SNP markers, genetic linkage maps, and physical maps, that were developed at the Kazusa DNA Research Institute. Keyword searches for the markers, sequence data used for marker development, and experimental conditions are also available through this database. Currently, 10 plant species have been targeted: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), radish (Raphanus sativus), Lotus japonicus, soybean (Glycine max), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). In addition, the number of plant species registered in this database will be increased as our research progresses. The Kazusa Marker DataBase will be a useful tool for both basic and applied sciences, such as genomics, genetics, and molecular breeding in crops.
28 citations