Topic
Momentum
About: Momentum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19070 publications have been published within this topic receiving 367167 citations. The topic is also known as: linear momentum & translational momentum.
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TL;DR: The development of wave optics for light brought many new insights into our understanding of physics, driven by fundamental experiments like the ones by Young, Fizeau, Michelson-Morley and others as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The development of wave optics for light brought many new insights into our understanding of physics, driven by fundamental experiments like the ones by Young, Fizeau, Michelson-Morley and others. Quantum mechanics, and especially the de Broglie’s postulate relating the momentum p of a particle to the wave vector k of an matter wave: k = 2 λ = p/ℏ, suggested that wave optical experiments should be also possible with massive particles (see table 1), and over the last 40 years electron and neutron interferometers have demonstrated many fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics [1].
1,194 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a fluid dynamical treatment of an ultra-relativistic spherical blast wave enclosed by a strong shock is presented, and a simple similarity solution describing the explosion of a fixed amount of energy in a uniform medium is derived, and generalized to include cases in which power is supplied by a central source and the density of the external medium varies with radius.
Abstract: A fluid dynamical treatment of an ultra‐relativistic spherical blast wave enclosed by a strong shock is presented. A simple similarity solution describing the explosion of a fixed amount of energy in a uniform medium is derived, and this is generalized to include cases in which power is supplied by a central source and the density of the external medium varies with radius. Radiative shocks, in which the escaping photons carry away momentum as well as energy, are also discussed. Formulas that interpolate between the non‐ and ultra‐relativistic limits are proposed.
1,164 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the derivation of smoothed or filtered momentum and continuity equations for large-scale, energy-containing eddies is considered and questions regarding the energy loss of largescale turbulence are discussed along with aspects of turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar.
Abstract: The derivation of smoothed or filtered momentum and continuity equations for large-scale, energy-containing eddies is considered. Questions regarding the energy loss of large-scale turbulence are discussed along with aspects of turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar. It is found that the large-scale fluctuations satisfy filtered or averaged momentum and continuity equations. An averaging of the nonlinear advection term yields two terms.
1,156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a general theory that provides a starting point for the construction of special theories so that various drying processes can be studied analytically without recourse to an enormous computational effort.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The well-known transport equations for continuous media are used to construct a rational theory of simultaneous heat, mass, and momentum transfer in porous media. Several important assumptions regarding the structure of the gas–liquid system in a drying process are made that require theoretical or experimental confirmation. This chapter presents a general theory that provides a starting point for the construction of special theories so that various drying processes can be studied analytically without recourse to an enormous computational effort. It analyzes the motion of a liquid and its vapor through a rigid porous media. The development of the relevant volume averaged transport equations, which describe the drying process, is also focused. The transport of momentum in the gas phase and the laws of mechanics are applied to the drying process. The thermal energy equations are considered by forming the total thermal energy equation, and the problem of determining the mass average velocities in the gas and liquid phases are also discussed.
1,062 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the turbulent flow resulting from a top-hat jet exhausting into a large room was investigated and the Reynolds number based on exit conditions was approximately 105 Velocity moments to third order were obtained using flying and stationary hot-wire and burstmode laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) techniques.
Abstract: The turbulent flow resulting from a top-hat jet exhausting into a large room was investigated The Reynolds number based on exit conditions was approximately 105 Velocity moments to third order were obtained using flying and stationary hot-wire and burst-mode laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) techniques The entire room was fully seeded for the LDA measurements The measurements are shown to satisfy the differential and integral momentum equations for a round jet in an infinite environmentThe results differ substantially from those reported by some earlier investigators, both in the level and shape of the profiles These differences are attributed to the smaller enclosures used in the earlier works and the recirculation within them Also, the flying hot-wire and burst-mode LDA measurements made here differ from the stationary wire measurements, especially the higher moments and away from the flow centreline These differences are attributed to the cross-flow and rectification errors on the latter at the high turbulence intensities present in this flow (30% minimum at centreline) The measurements are used, together with recent dissipation measurements, to compute the energy balance for the jet, and an attempt is made to estimate the pressure-velocity and pressure-strain rate correlations
1,056 citations