Showing papers on "Monsoon published in 1972"

The ecology of two sandy beaches in south west India. I. Seasonal changes in physical and chemical factors, and in the macrofauna

Abstract: Changes during one year in the fauna of two beaches in south India are described in relation to the nutrient content of the water and sand, and the physical changes brought about by the south-west monsoon. At both beaches, the most stable conditions were reached in the pre-monsoon months when the greatest number of species occurred and when there was marked zonation. During the monsoon, erosion took place and only actively migrating species remained to form a permanent element of the beach fauna. Data on population density and biomass indicate markedly seasonal recruitment and rapid growth of individual species, most of which are suspension feeders.

Summer Thunderstorms Over Southern California

Abstract: Ten-day fire weather records from forestry lookouts in the southern California mountains are used to describe summer thunderstorm activity. The distribution of thunderstorms during a typical season closely resembles rainy-day frequencies for summer precipitation in Arizona, thereby supporting the concept that most southern California summer thunderstorms are caused by a westward extension of the same circulation that brings Arizona its “monsoon” rains. Thunderstorms are also induced by dissipating eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones that move up the west coast of Mexico. Tropical storm tracks, local National Weather Service reports, and fire weather records are used to show which occurrences of thunderstorms can be credited to this tropical cyclone activity and the attendant influx of upper level moisture. When the data from the summers of 1947–68 are divided into two 11-yr periods using 1957/58 as the break point, a significant increase in thunderstorms and tropical cyclones affecting southe...

Study of Heat Sources and Sinks and the Generation of Available Potential Energy in the Indian Region During the Southwest Monsoon Season

Abstract: The total vertical velocity and the heating field were evaluated for a portion of the Indian region for a typical monsoon day in July 1966 using a two-level geostrophic model. The generation of zonal and eddy available potential energy was computed with these values of heating and cooling. Both forms of available potential energy seem to be generated by diabatic processes. The generation of eddy available potential energy may be due to the released latent heat of condensation.

Forecasting the movement of tropical storms/depressions in the Indian region by a computer oriented technique using climatology and persistence

Abstract: A computer-oriented technique for forecasting the movement of tropical storms/depressions in the Indian seas, based on half persistence and half climatology has been tested. The climatological components of the forecast is computed by a computer programmer, by scanning the climatological tracks within a predetermined scan, distance from the centre of the storm to be predicted. The method had been tested on independent data for pre-monsoon and post monsoon storms/depressions during 1961-67, and performance of forecasts categorised. The accuracy-of the forecast by the method compares favourably with other operational objective methods in use elsewhere. Probability ellipses of the errors have been constructed. Results of the forecasts based on experimental real time basis during 1968-70 are also discussed.

The role of the Indian monsoons in the interhemispheric transport of radioactive debris from nuclear tests

Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of short-lived fission products, 140Ba and 95Zr, from the French tests in Polynesia, which were carried out during 1968, 1970, and 1971, are presented. The data show that the debris reached the west coast of India in 15–22 days after the burst date for the three test series, which strikingly confirms all our previous findings based on the 1968 and earlier test debris. A comparative study of the levels of short-lived fission products at various stations in the northern and southern hemispheres following the French tests is also presented. The results of this comparison shows that the rapid transport of air masses across the equator by the southerly jet results in levels in India (west coast) that are up to an order of magnitude higher compared to levels at the same latitude in other meridians. The above radioactive data are consistent with recent meteorological studies on the magnitude of interhemispheric exchange in the west Indian Ocean.

Changes in the currents in 1970 off the East African coast with the onset of the southeast monsoon

Abstract: The flow patterns off the East African coast were observed before and after the onset of the SE monsoon in 1970. With the onset of the monsoon the Somali Current reverses. Temperature and salinity correlations before and after the reversal are examined.