Monsoon

About: Monsoon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16087 publications have been published within this topic receiving 599888 citations.

Variations in the global water budget

Abstract: TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS: I, ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES.- The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle and climate.- The atmospheric water vapour budget over Europe.- Remote sensing of atmospheric water content from satellites.- Comparison of water vapour data from Monex-79 and the Tiros-N satellite.- Atmospheric water distributions determined by the Seasat multi-channel microwave radiometer.- Variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in continental precipitation and groundwater, and their causes.- TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS: II. SURFACE PROCESSES.- Monthly and areal patterns of mean global precipitation.- Comparison of rainfall rates derived from radar and Nimbus 5 microwave observations in the tropical Atlantic.- Evaporation models in the global water budget.- The use of long-term river level and discharge records in the study of climatic variations in the Federal Republic of Germany.- Plant and soil water storage in Arctic and boreal forest ecosystems.- Recent fluctuations of Alpine glaciers and their meteorological causes 1880-1980.- Radiometric chronology of some Himalayan glaciers.- SECULAR VARIABILITY: INTERACTIONS AND TELECONNECTIONS.- Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa - Inter-hemispheric teleconnections.- Droughts and floods over India in summer monsoon seasons 1871-1980.- The heavy rainfall in China in 1980 and a comparison with earlier extremes.- Variability of rainfall over northern Australia.- Moisture variations associated with El Nino events.- Surges of tropical Pacific rainfall and tele-connections with extratropical circulation patterns.- Antarctic sea ice variations 1973-1980.- LONG-TERM CHANGES.- Late-glacial circulation over central North America revealed by aeolian features.- Fluctuations in closed-basin lakes as an indicator of post atmospheric circulation patterns.- Present-day and early-Holocene evaporation of Lake Chad.- Marine shorelines in estuaries as palaeoprecipi-tation indicators.- Monsoon rains of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene Patterns, intensity and possible causes of changes.- Sea-level control of ice sheet disintegration.- A climate feedback mechanism involving oceanic upwelling, atmospheric CO2 and water vapour.- Illusions and problems in water-budget synthesis.- MODELLING AND PREDICTION.- The hydrological cycle as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model.- Effects of soil moisture anomalies over Europe in summer.- Some simulation model results of the effect of vegetation change on the near-surface hydro-climate.- The concept of runoff in the global water budget.

The onset of the southwest monsoon over Kerala: 1901–1980

Abstract: Utilising daily mean rainfall from dense rain gauge networks, the dates of onset of the southwest monsoon over south and north Kerala have been derived on the basis of objective criteria for the years 1901 to 1980. These dates have been compared with the onset dates as per records of the India Meteorological Department. Statistics of the onset dates are presented. The mean onset date for south Kerala is found to be 30 May and for north Kerala 1 June with a standard deviation of about 9 days in both cases. The sharp increase in rainfall that heralds the onset of the monsoon is highlighted by superposed epoch analysis. The prevailing notion that rainfall from pre-monsoon thunderstorms progressively increases and merges with the monsoon rainfall is shown to be not valid.

Evaluation of PERSIANN-CCS rainfall measurement using the NAME event rain gauge network

Abstract: Robust validation of the space–time structure of remotely sensed precipitation estimates is critical to improving their quality and confident application in water cycle–related research. In this work, the performance of the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) precipitation product is evaluated against warm season precipitation observations from the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) Event Rain Gauge Network (NERN) in the complex terrain region of northwestern Mexico. Analyses of hourly and daily precipitation estimates show that the PERSIANN-CCS captures well active and break periods in the early and mature phases of the monsoon season. While the PERSIANN-CCS generally captures the spatial distribution and timing of diurnal convective rainfall, elevation-dependent biases exist, which are characterized by an underestimate in the occurrence of light precipitation at high elevations and an overestimate in the occurrence of precipitation at low elevations. The elevation-dependent biases contribute to a 1–2-h phase shift of the diurnal cycle of precipitation at various elevation bands. For reasons yet to be determined, the PERSIANN-CCS significantly underestimated a few active periods of precipitation during the late or “senescent” phase of the monsoon. Despite these shortcomings, the continuous domain and relatively high spatial resolution of PERSIANN-CCS quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) provide useful characterization of precipitation space–time structures in the North American monsoon region of northwestern Mexico, which should prove useful for hydrological applications.

Warming of the Eurasian Landmass Is Making the Arabian Sea More Productive

Abstract: The recent trend of declining winter and spring snow cover over Eurasia is causing a land-ocean thermal gradient that is particularly favorable to stronger southwest (summer) monsoon winds. Since 1997, sea surface winds have been strengthening over the western Arabian Sea. This escalation in the intensity of summer monsoon winds, accompanied by enhanced upwelling and an increase of more than 350% in average summertime phytoplankton biomass along the coast and over 300% offshore, raises the possibility that the current warming trend of the Eurasian landmass is making the Arabian Sea more productive.