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Monsoon
About: Monsoon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16087 publications have been published within this topic receiving 599888 citations.
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TL;DR: The Indian monsoon system, as recorded by ocean-floor biota (benthic foraminifera) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 758 in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, has varied dramatically over the past 5.5 m as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Indian monsoon system, as recorded by ocean-floor biota (benthic foraminifera) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 758 in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, has varied dramatically over the past 5.5 m.y., long after the onset of the monsoons at 10‐8 Ma. Benthic foraminifera that thrive with high productivity year-round were common before the formation of Northern Hemisphere continental ice sheets ca. 3.1‐2.5 Ma, indicating that the summer (southwest) monsoon had high intensity and long seasonal duration. Ca. 2.8 Ma benthic faunas became dominated by taxa that flourish with a seasonally strongly fluctuating food supply, indicating that the northeast (winter) monsoon, during which primary productivity is relatively low, increased in duration and strength to form a system similar to that of today. The change occurred coeval with the initiation of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation, documenting a close link between the development of the Indian monsoon and Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
146 citations
TL;DR: One of the most striking results is a robust increase in monsoon precipitation by the end of the 21st century but regional differences in strength, as well as a clear signal of gradually wide-spread warming throughout the21st century.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this article, seasonal variations of the wind fields mainly at 850 mb and the outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are examined using 5-day mean data.
Abstract: The seasonal variations of the wind fields mainly at 850 mb and the outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are examined using 5-day mean data. Some abrupt changes of the circulation systems and the OLR distribution are recognized in transitional seasons almost simultaneously over a wide region. They occur in early March, late March, mid-April, mid-May, mid-June, late July, early September, late September, late October, mid-November and the end of the year. According to these distinct periods, eleven natural seasons are established. A close relationship is shown between these natural seasons and the advance and retreat of each monsoon system. The seasonal composite maps of low level (850 mb) wind and the OLR fields are constructed and the features of each season are described. The main factors influencing these abrupt seasonal changes are discussed by utilizing difference maps of seasonal mean 500 mb height and 300 mb temperature between two consecutive seasons. They are the deepening and shallowing, and the displacement of the quasi-stationary long wave trough at the east coast of the Eurasian Continent, the warming and cooling over the Tibetan Plateau and the wave-like interaction between tropical convection and midlatitude westerlies, part of which may be related to the behavior of the long-wave trough mentioned above. Lastly, the regional divisions are performed based on the mean wind of two extreme seasons at both 850mb and 1000 mb. Three main regions with seven sub-regions are distinguished.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present new high-resolution records of bulk sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes from ODP Site 968 in the Eastern Mediterranean and show that the 3000-year precession time lag of the sapropel midpoints is consistent with global marine isotope chronology, maximum (monsoonal) precipitation conditions in the Mediterranean region and China derived from radiometrically dated speleothem records, and maximum atmospheric methane concentrations in Antarctica ice cores.
146 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study has been conducted to assess future climate change impacts on water resources of the Upper Sind River Basin using Soil Water Assessment Tool Sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm has been applied for model calibration and uncertainty analysis Monthly observed stream flows matched well with simulated flows with respect to p-factor, d-factor and correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients with values of 073, 042, 082, 080 during calibration (1992-2000) and 042- 036, 096, 093 during validation (2001-
Abstract: A study has been conducted to assess future climate change impacts on water resources of the Upper Sind River Basin using Soil Water Assessment Tool Sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm has been applied for model calibration and uncertainty analysis Monthly observed stream flows matched well with simulated flows with respect to p-factor, d-factor, Correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients with values of 073, 042, 082, 080 during calibration (1992–2000) and 042, 036, 096, 093 during validation (2001–2005) respectively PRECIS generated outputs under IPCC A1B Scenarios for Indian conditions corresponding to the baseline (1961–1990), midcentury (2021–2050) and endcentury (2071–2098); extracted by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune (India) have been used for the study It has been found from the model results that the average annual streamflow could increase by 164 % for the midcentury and a significant increase of 935 % by the endcentury The results also indicate that streamflow may rise drastically in monsoon season, but will decrease in non-monsoon season due to the projected future climate change
146 citations