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Moving target indication

About: Moving target indication is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2653 publications have been published within this topic receiving 32435 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The optimal and two suboptimal algorithms are compared on a number of realistic examples, including a GMTI (ground moving target indicator) radar case and the exact state update equation for such a problem is presented.
Abstract: In target tracking systems measurements are typically collected in "scans" or "frames" and then they are transmitted to a processing center. In multisensor tracking systems that operate in a centralized manner, there are usually different time delays in transmitting the scans or frames from the various sensors to the center. This can lead to situations where measurements from the same target arrive out of sequence. Such "out-of-sequence" measurement (OOSM) arrivals can occur even in the absence of scan/frame communication time delays. The resulting "negative-time measurement update" problem, which is quite common in real multisensor systems, was solved previously only approximately in the literature. The exact state update equation for such a problem is presented. The optimal and two suboptimal algorithms are compared on a number of realistic examples, including a GMTI (ground moving target indicator) radar case.

369 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design of a Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model (VS-IMM) estimator for tracking groups of ground targets on constrained paths using Moving Target Indicator reports obtained from an airborne sensor is presented, significantly improving performance and reducing computational load.
Abstract: In this paper we present the design of a Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model (VS-IMM) estimator for tracking groups of ground targets on constrained paths using Moving Target Indicator (MTI) reports obtained from an airborne sensor. The targets are moving along a highway, with varying obscuration due to changing terrain conditions. In addition, the roads can branch, merge or cross-the scenario represents target convoys along a realistic road network with junctions, changing terrains, etc. Some of the targets may also move in an open field. This constrained motion estimation problem is handled using an IMM estimator with varying mode sets depending on the topography, The number of models in the IMM estimator, their types and their parameters are modified adaptively, in real-time, based on the estimated position of the target and the corresponding road/visibility conditions. This topography-based variable structure mechanism eliminates the need for carrying all the possible models throughout the entire tracking period as in the standard IMM estimator, significantly improving performance and reducing computational load. Data association is handled using an assignment algorithm. The estimator is designed to handle a very large number of ground targets simultaneously. A simulated scenario consisting of over one hundred targets is used to illustrate the selection of design parameters and the operation of the tracker. Performance measures are presented to contrast the benefits of the VS-IMM estimator over the Kalman filter and the standard IMM estimator, The VS-IMM estimator is then combined with multidimensional assignment to gain "time-depth." The additional benefit of using higher dimensional assignment algorithms for data association is also evaluated.

336 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An optimization procedure for the transmit signal and the receive filter which sequentially improves the signal- to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and each iteration of the algorithm requires the solution of both a convex and a hidden convex optimization problem.
Abstract: We consider the problem of knowledge-aided (possibly cognitive) transmit signal and receive filter design for point-like targets in signal-dependent clutter. We suppose that the radar system has access to a (potentially dynamic) database containing a geographical information system (GIS), which characterizes the terrain to be illuminated, and some a priori electromagnetic reflectivity and spectral clutter models, which allow the raw prediction of the actual scattering environment. Hence, we devise an optimization procedure for the transmit signal and the receive filter which sequentially improves the signal- to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Each iteration of the algorithm, whose convergence is analytically proved, requires the solution of both a convex and a hidden convex optimization problem. The resulting computational complexity is linear with the number of iterations and polynomial with the receive filter length. At the analysis stage we assess the performance of the proposed technique in the presence of either a homogeneous ground clutter scenario or a heterogeneous mixed land and sea clutter environment.

327 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, adaptive space-time processing (STAP) is simplified to frequency-dependent spatial processing in the Doppler domain for multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems.
Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides high-resolution images of a non-moving ground scene, but fails to indicate the presence and position of moving objects. As in airborne MTI (moving-target indication) systems the solution to this problem is to use an array of antennas or subapertures and several receiving channels ('MSAR', or multichannel SAR), and to apply multichannel clutter suppression. One of the most efficient methods is adaptive space-time processing (STAP), which can be simplified to frequency-dependent spatial processing in the Doppler domain. Some of these techniques applied to SAR are reviewed and illustrated with data gathered by the German experimental multichannel SAR system 'AER-II'.

313 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Aug 2000
TL;DR: Analysis of the time-varying Doppler signature in the joint time-frequency domain can provide useful information for target detection, classification and recognition.
Abstract: Micro-Doppler induced by mechanical vibration or rotation of structures in a radar target is potentially useful for target detection, classification and recognition. While the Doppler frequency induced by the target body is constant, the micro-Doppler due to vibrating or rotating structures of the target is a function of dwell time. Analysis of the time-varying Doppler signature in the joint time-frequency domain can provide useful information for target detection, classification and recognition.

252 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202327
202272
202131
202052
201966
201859