Showing papers on "Multinational corporation published in 1969"

Multinational Product Planning: Strategic Alternatives:

Abstract: Formulating an explicit product strategy for international expansion is one of the major untapped opportunities facing headquarters executives of multinational companies. This article identifies st...

International business and political geography

Abstract: Attempts to define some of the problems arising from the development of international business within the constraints of political geography, does this by using evidence from published research and informed opinion. Looks at the growth of international business, its effect on national economies, plus possible erosion of national sovereignty. Discusses how policies of international business and national governments, in a number of fields, conflict. States, although political boundaries and the existence of nation‐states are to some extent outdated by modern technology and from obstacles to trade and development, there may be serious disadvantages in reducing political constraints to enable the multinationals to operate more freely. Finalises that international regulation in some form of the multinational is essential to enable operations to be reconciled and co‐ordinated nationally.

Notes on the Multinational Corporation, Part I

Abstract: By now there exists an extensive literature on what have come increasingly to be called "multinational" corporations or companies—that is, corporations with headquarters in one country and a variety of subsidiaries in other countries. Hardly any of it, however, is written from a Marxist point of view, a fact which, given the obvious importance of the subject, casts a revealing light on the state of Marxist social science in the United States (or anywhere else, for that matter). Our purpose in this paper is not to attempt to fill this gap in any comprehensive way but rather to raise a number of key questions and to suggest directions in which answers should be sought.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Multinational enterprise and the nation state: project report from the harvard business school

Abstract: SUMMARY This is the third annual progress report relating to the study of multinational enterprises at the Harvard Business School. This report, like its predecessors, is drafted in such a way as to provide an up-to-date picture of the state of the project without reference to prior reports. From the first, the project was conceived as the opening phase of a long-run effort to understand certain aspects of the operations of the multinational enterprise. The original plan was to complete this phase by the summer of 1969. By that time, a dozen doctors' theses and perhaps twenty articles will have appeared. In addition, completed first drafts of three of the four books relating to this phase of the project are scheduled to be in hand; a fifth volume, synthesizing and extending the others, is to be written in the year following. Collectively, these publications are expected to illuminate the problems of the multinational enterprise in the fields of finance, marketing, organization, and business-government relations. In addition, new light will have been shed upon the role of multinational enterprises in international trade, capital movements, and technological transfers. Perhaps the most telling contribution of the project in the long run—one that had not been clearly contemplated at the time that the project was first conceived—will be the development and dissemination of an historical file tracing the history of some 12,000 subsidiaries of U.S. parents since 1900. This file, generated as a by-product of the analytical work being undertaken by the project, is being designed so that researchers at other institutions may have access to some of its contents, within the limits imposed by confidentiality commitments.

An American Enterprise Abroad: American Radiator Company in Europe, 1895–1914

Abstract: Although Singer was the first American manufacturing firm to produce and market extensively in Europe, the American Radiator Company is perhaps more typical of the United States firms that expanded abroad in the nineteenth century. Professor Wilkins documents the evolution of this multinational enterprise and offers her study as a test of recent theories on direct investment abroad.

The International Corporation

Abstract: T mHE economic and political significance of international business is currently a fashionable subject of discussion. Public interest in the characteristics and probable future evolution of international corporations stems, in the main, from the recent rapid growth of American business investment in Western Europe: investment, that is, in manufacturing plant in which the United States parent company has an active controlling interest, rather than purely financial investment in stocks and bonds. On the one hand these American companies are seen as threatening the survival of European industries, and even, in France at least, the autonomy of the nation state, while on the other it is widely recognised that investment from across the Atlantic brings with it valuable components of technological and managerial skills, both seemingly in short supply in Europe. International business operations of this kind are not, of course, a new phenomenon on the world economic scene. The first wave of foreign investment by manufacturing companies began in the closing decades of the nineteenth century, and continued, gathering strength, up to 1914. Much of it was American, not only in Canada, where the introduction in 1879 of a protective tariff expressly designed to promote the growth of Canadian manufacturing industry acted as a major stimulus to United States companies, but also in Europe. Then, as now, this American investment tended to be concentrated in the technologically-advanced growth industries, such as specialised machinery, office equipment, automobiles and carbon black. A few European companies were also beginning to expand abroad: Lever set up his first soap factory outside Britain in 1899, and Alfred Nobel was establishing armaments factories all over Europe. Foreign business investment continued to grow, unspectacularly, between 1918 and 1939. However, it is with the second great wave of international business investment, the wave that started in the 1950s and is still growing in size and power, that we are concerned. A few figures will give some idea of the speed of growth and the present importance of manufacturing investment. Between 1950 and 1967 the United States' capital stake in European manufacturing industry increased more than ten times, to a figure of $9,800m. in the latter year. About half this investment was in the EEC, and a further 40 per cent. in the United Kingdom, where by 1966, sales by U.S.-controlled companies accounted

International mobility in a multinational corporation.

Abstract: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management. Thesis. 1969. M.S.