Mural

About: Mural is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1144 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5050 citations.

Resistance and pride: the murals of orgosolo, sardinia

Abstract: The small town of Orgosolo in the mountains of Sardinia is known for its murals: hundreds of them in a town of only 5,000 inhabitants. although murals exist throughout Sardinia, those of Orgosolo are noteworthy because of their political content. This article describes the origins of the mural tradition in the events of the late 1960s and early 1970s in the town. The combination of a left-wing council and youth group, as well as the powerful influence of an art teacher, led to the start of a process that continues to this day. The murals are classified into four interrelated themes: war, resistance, ethnic pride and resonance. But most importantly, the relevance of the mural tradition is placed in the context of the rejection by local people of northern Italian stereotypes which display them as backward shepherds and bandits, wedded inexorably to tradition and the rejection of progress.

Changes in the Microbial Distribution of Buyeo Royal Tombs: Tomb No. 1

Abstract: Built in the 6th and 7th centuries during the Baekje period, the Buyeo Royal Tombs consist of seven tombs, including Tomb No. 1, which contains murals. To preserve Tomb No. 1 from damage caused by microorganisms, periodic microbial-distribution investigations are conducted. Following such investigations in August 2016, June 2018, and November 2019, the microbes were classified according to the investigation period, location of collection, and space. This study compares and analyzes the results. The concentration of airborne microorganisms in Tomb No. 1 and the number of microbial genera identified in each space of the tomb decreased as proximity to the main room with murals diminished. During the investigation period, the genera Bacillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Streptomyces were commonly identified on Tomb No. 1. The microorganisms collected f rom the main room walls were mostly isolated from the east and west walls where the genera Bacillus, Cupriavidus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces were commonly identified in three or more walls. In particular, the genus Streptomyces is a dangerous strain capable of damaging murals by penetrating into and discoloring the pigments on them. The data generated from this study may be useful for future research on microbial distribution in other domestic mural tombs and those located in North Korea and abroad.

Optimal Growth Conditions of Microorganisms Isolated from the Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 and Their Effects on Painting Layers

Abstract: The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6th and early 7th century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ceiling has murals of lotus and cloud patterns. This study assessed the optimal growth conditions of two fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella sp.) and four bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Cupriavidus campinensis, Streptomyces avidinii, Streptomyces cirratus) strains isolated from the Tomb No. 1, along with their effects on the painting layer. The two fungi showed optimal growth at 20°C - 30°C under both nutrient and non-nutrient conditions. These strains did not decompose or discolor the three pigments (cinnabar, hematite, oyster shell white); however, M. sp. showed slight decomposition of the media (starch paste, sea weed). The four bacterial strains showed the most active growth at 20°C - 25°C under nutrient conditions and did not grow under non-nutrient conditions. These bacteria commonly degraded animal glue and sea weed components. In addition, S. cirratus degraded starch. The genus Streptomyces discolored the pigment medium to brown and black, suggesting a possible risk of discoloration of the murals. The current environment in Tomb No. 1 was sufficient for microorganism growth, and the presence of strains such as soil bacteria and actinomycetes on the mural surface may damage the murals. The findings of this study could be helpful for preserving mural tombs against biological damage caused by microorganisms that are already present or may be present in the tombs in the future. These findings also provide guidelines for comprehensive conservation management.

The Application of Computer Augmented Reality Technology in Ancient Murals

Abstract: In recent years, the country has given the green light to the development of augmented reality technology. Various preferential policies have sprung up such as mushrooms after rain, and augmented reality technology has gradually been applied to all aspects of our lives. In terms of cultural relic protection, the research and protection of ancient murals are undoubtedly not the most difficult. In terms of protection, murals are very fragile, and there are many factors that need to be paid attention to, such as air humidity, temperature, microorganisms, and the shedding of mud layers. In terms of research, the study of frescoes requires a lot of careful observation, but exhaled breath or body temperature that researchers get too close to can have unforeseen consequences. Based on this, the article expounds the composition of the augmented reality technology system. Through image recognition, three-dimensional tracking registration, virtual-real combination, and other technologies, the image obtained by the camera is recognized, and then the environment where the mural is located is a virtual scene through three-dimensional tracking technology. We build and finally use the combination of virtual and real technology to make the ancient murals vividly presented in front of us for our researchers to study more conveniently. The use of Gaussian function, SURF algorithm, FREAK algorithm, RANSAC algorithm, and so on to improve the augmented reality technology system makes the presentation of ancient murals more detailed and realistic. After experiments, we came to the conclusion that the ancient murals processed by augmented reality technology are far more detailed and more complete than the pictures taken by ordinary cameras. Processing ancient frescoes is also far less time-consuming than the existing image processors.