Showing papers on "Murashige and Skoog medium published in 1986"
TL;DR: Using callus derived from immature embryos, regeneration of viable plants was obtained in soybean cultures and confirmed the organogenic and embryogenic nature of the cultures, by demonstrating the formation of shoot buds and somatic embryos, respectively.
Abstract: Using callus derived from immature embryos, regeneration of viable plants was obtained in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Depending on the composition of the medium, regeneration occurred via embryogenesis or via organogenesis. Embryogenesis resulted when embryos were plated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 43 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. In work with the cultivar Williams 82, the addition of 5.0 μM thiamine HCl increased embryogenesis from 33% to 58% of the embryos plated. Addition of 30 μM nicotinic acid to the MS medium enhanced embryogenesis further to 76%. Organogenesis was obtained when medium containing 13.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.2 μM and α-naphthaleneacetic acid and four times the normal concentration of MS minor salts was used. Histological studies of these cultures confirmed the organogenic and embryogenic nature of the cultures, by demonstrating the formation of shoot buds and somatic embryos, respectively. Similar responses were obtained in all 54 genotypes tested in this manner. The cultures retained the ability to regenerate complete plants for at least 12 months and 12–15 subcultures. Seeds have been obtained from several regenerated plants and when grown in the field these produced normal-appearing fertile plants.
248 citations
TL;DR: A procedure for the regeneration of fertile plants by organogenesis from tissue cultures of soybeans, Glycine max, found that presence of BA in the medium during seed germination and culture of nodal explants was required for multiple shoot and shoot-bud formation.
Abstract: A procedure for the regeneration of fertile plants by organogenesis from tissue cultures of soybeans, Glycine max is described. Seeds were germinated on reduced inorganic salt MS medium containing 5μM BA. Cotyledonary nodes were excised and cultured on the same medium. Presence of BA in the medium during seed germination and culture of nodal explants was required for multiple shoot and shoot-bud formation. Histological analyses established the de novo nature of shoot regeneration. Separate reduction of the concentration of inorganic salts or substitution of sucrose for fructose during culture had minimal effects on the regeneration response. Conversely, if the BA was reduced, the inhibition response could not be overcome by increased salt concentration or altered carbon source.
129 citations
TL;DR: Embryogenic cell suspensions established from callus cultures initiated from sections of young leaf tissues of Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane) promoting cell wall regeneration, sustained cell divisions and colony formation were observed in the same culture medium.
106 citations
TL;DR: Embryos from imbibed ripe seeds and cotyledon expiants of 7-day-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.
Abstract: Embryos from imbibed ripe seeds and cotyledon expiants of 7-day-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedlings produced the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. Using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium, a whitish, glossy callus was induced consisting of translucent cells embedded in a mucilaginous cloudy matrix. This embryogenic callus formed on the surface of explants treated first with N-6-benzyladenine followed by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) + N-6-benzyladenine. Transfer of this callus to media lacking growth regulators resulted in the formation of numerous bipolar embryoids with suspensorlike structures. These embryoids strongly resembled repressed embryos in polyembryonic seeds.
98 citations
ARCO1
TL;DR: Plants were regenerated from cotyledonary and root explants of cucumber cultivars and breeding lines of diverse sex type, growth habit, and processing quality and from cotinine-based explant of muskmelon using a modified tomato protocol.
79 citations
TL;DR: Pollen calli and plantlets of Hordeum vulgare cv.
Abstract: Pollen calli and plantlets of Hordeum vulgare cv. ‘Sabarlis’ were obtained through direct pollen culture without pretreatment of spikes or preculture of anthers. Isolated immature pollen grains were cultured first in a 0.3 M mannitol solution or a C1 basal medium (Chen et al. 1979) supplemented with 0.3 M mannitol but without sucrose for 5–7 days, then transferred into a C1 medium containing 6% sucrose, 3 mM glutamine and 5 mM m-inositol. After a 3 week culture period small pollen calli derived from the pollen grains were transferred into a growth medium comprising C1 basal medium supplemented with 250 mg/1 lactalbumin hydrolysate and 0.5 mg/1 kinetin. For shoot regeneration, vigorously growing calli were transferred onto agarsolidified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) containing 3% sucrose, 2 mg/1 benzyladenine and 0.5 mg/1 indole-3-acetic acid. The ratio of green plants to albino was approximately 1∶2.2.
75 citations
TL;DR: The micropropagation system developed here allows the production in 100 days of 25 000 rooted plantlets from a single cladode, by the stimulation of axillary proliferation in the absence of apical dominance.
Abstract: Cladode explants of Opuntia amyclaea were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium with different supplements. Benzyladenine was necessary for shoot development from pre-existing buds. Axillary proliferation was also stimulated in subsequent subcultures in the presence of benzyladenine and when the apical meristem was not present in the explant. The number of shoots and the total dry weight were maximum with 5% of sucrose in the medium. It was found that satisfactory rooting occurred when 5×10-5 M indole butyric acid was added to the medium. Vascular contact between roots and shoots was clearly shown by histological observations. The micropropagation system developed here allows the production in 100 days of 25 000 rooted plantlets from a single cladode, by the stimulation of axillary proliferation in the absence of apical dominance.
61 citations
TL;DR: Cell suspensions derived from type 2 B73 × A188 callus, in culture for over 1 year, were capable of regenerating plants when 9-months old and regenerated plants at an efficiency similar to that of the friable type 2 callus but with more phenotypic abnormalities.
59 citations
TL;DR: Somatic embryos of bamboo, Bambusa beECheyana Munro var.
Abstract: Somatic embryos of bamboo, Bambusa beecheyana Munro var. beecheyana were developed in callus derived from young florets and adventive roots obtained from floret callus. The medium was a modified Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) supplemented with 3 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2 mg/l kinetin, a high content of sucrose (6%) and 0.7% agar. The embryoids germinated spontaneously to yield whole plantlets on this medium with or without the hormonal adjuvants.
57 citations
TL;DR: Habituated callus was induced on blade explants from leaves of whole sugarbeet plants on a Murashige-Skoog based medium supplemented with 1.0 mg · 1−1 BA as the sole growth regulator.
56 citations
TL;DR: Callus formation from the epiblast was affected by the type of cultivar used, the stage of embryo development, and the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the culture medium.
TL;DR: Heat therapy and meristem tip culturing were used in various cultivars of banana and plantain for rapid clonal propagation of mosaic disease-free plants and plants derived from heat-treated meristems of infected plants were free from the disease.
Abstract: Heat therapy and meristem tip culturing were used in various cultivars of banana (Musa acuminata ‘AAA’ cvs Grande Naine and Valary), and plantain (Musa acuminata x M. balbisiana ‘AAB’ cvs Maricongo, Common Dwarf and Super Plantain) for rapid clonal propagation of mosaic disease-free plants. Suckers were subjected to heat therapy at 38–40°C for 14 days prior to the culture of their meristem tips (1.5–2.0 mm long having 6–8 vertical incisions) on modified MS medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 thiamine HCl, 0.5 mg l-1 nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg l-1 pyridoxine HCl, 25 mg l-1 ascorbic acid (filter sterilized), 0.7 mg l-1 BA and 0.7 mg l-1 kinetin. This culture medium alone was effective in preventing the oxidation of phenolic compounds present in explants, and in producing up to 13 rooted plantlets from a single meristem within 10 to 12 weeks. Plants derived from heat-treated meristems of infected plants were free from the disease, as determined by visual inspection, mechanical inoculation to Cucumis sativus, and electron microscopy.
TL;DR: A few hardwood trees were successfully propagated in the natural environs of the Thar desert by tissue culture; they included Prosopis cineraria, Zizyphus mauritiana, Tecomella undulata, Aegle marmelos, Eucalyptus viridis and Eucallyptus sideroxylon.
TL;DR: A method is described for rapid multiplication from axillary buds of six Mentha species using Murashige and Skoog medium to produce shoots and roots which are placed in soil for further growth.
Abstract: A method is described for rapid multiplication from axillary buds of six Mentha species. Nodal segments from one-year old plants were grown on Murashige and Skoog medium (BMS), supplemented with BAP (1.0; 2.0 mg/l) and KIN (1.0 mg/l) and kept at 28 ± 1°C under fluorescent light for 30 days. After this period, several shoots (15-20 shoots per explant) with roots were produced which were placed in soil for further growth.
TL;DR: Protoplasts were isolated from leaf-derived calli of Ulmus × ‘Pioneer’ with a yield of 0.2 × 10 3 –2.0 × 10 5 protoplasts/gram of callus and a dense green callus formed 6 weeks after colonies were transferred to Murashige and Skoog medium.
TL;DR: The physiological stage of development was very important for regeneration from both species since regeneration did not occur when very young or fully mature embryos were used as explants.
Abstract: Immature embryos of Prunus armeniaca (apricot) and Prunus persica (peach) collected 20–30 d from anthesis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) and various auxins to study their potential for regeneration. Both species developed adventitious buds on cotyledons when cultured in vitro. Apricot frequency of regeneration was as high as 100% when BA (5.0 μM) and 2,4-D (1.0 μM) were included in the medium. Cherry response was less than apricot (up to 70%) and the maximum frequency of regeneration occurred using media with BA alone (3.0 μM). Auxin was inhibitory to sweet cherry regeneration. The physiological stage of development was very important for regeneration from both species since regeneration did not occur when very young or fully mature embryos were used as explants. Apricot plants were produced by rooting shoots which developed from the regenerated buds on the cotyledons.Key words: Apricot, sweet cherry, regeneration, immature embryo, cotyledon, tissue culture
TL;DR: Embryogenic calluses from which plantlets could be obtained were formed in most of the cases when Leaf explants of rye were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
TL;DR: The histogenic composition of plants regenerated from leaf discs of periclinal chimeras indicated that any cell layer in a leaf can be the ultimate source of shoots, and that shoots can be multicellular in origin.
Abstract: Leafdiscs from Nicotiana tabacum L., N. glauca Grahm., and a series of interspecific periclinal chimeras were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing either 2.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or 3.0 mg/l 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin). Most shoots regenerated from chimeral leaf discs were non-chimeral but 51 of 658 shoots were chimeral. The histogenic composition of plants regenerated from leaf discs of periclinal chimeras indicated that any cell layer in a leaf can be the ultimate source of shoots, and that shoots can be multicellular in origin. Certain periclinal arrangements were recovered more frequently and their chimeral nature was more stable during subsequent shoot growth. While N. tabacum leaf discs regenerated shoots on MS medium supplemented with either BA or with kinetin, N. glauca leaf discs did not form shoots on the medium containing kinetin. However, chimeras which possessed cells of both species arose on medium containing BA or kinetin, indicating that the morphogenetically competent (i.e., able to produce shoots in culture), N. tabacum cells either interacted with N. glauca cells leading to their competence or incorporated non-competent N. glauca cells into nascent shoot apical meristems.
TL;DR: Totipotent callus cultures were established from anther-free glumes of ‘Sweet corn’, ‘Seed corn,’ ‘DHM 103’ and ’DHM 101’ on MS medium supplemented with 1–2 mg/l 2,4-D.
Abstract: Totipotent callus cultures were established from anther-free glumes of ‘Sweet corn’, ‘Seed corn,’ ‘DHM 103’ and ‘DHM 101’ on MS medium supplemented with 1–2 mg/l 2,4-D. The callusing response of the glumes was tested on six different media. Glumes at the uninucleate stage of pollen development callused with a high frequency compared to other stages. Organogenesis was observed in 40% of the cultures on media devoid of hormones. A total of 76 plantlets were regenerated on medium with 0.5–1.0 mg/l of both IAA and kinetin. Cytological observations in root tips indicated a diploid chromosome number (2n=20).
TL;DR: The addition of BA to the medium for E callus induction significantly enhanced embryogenic callus formation as well as necrosis, and the best shoot and plant development from embryoids was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 3 µM TIBA.
TL;DR: Tissue culture of five wild species of the Secale genus found that S. africanum and S. kuprianovii appeared to have the highest embryogenic capacity among the five investigated species.
Abstract: A tissue culture of five wild species of the Secale genus, i.e., S. africanum (Stapf.), S. ancestrale (Zhuk.), S. kuprianovii (Grossh), S. segetale (Rosher.), and S. vavilovii (Grossh), from immature embryos of sizes (stages) varying between 1.0 mm to 3.0mm, cultured on MS (1962) mineral nutrient medium supplemented with 0.62 mg/1–5.0 mg/1 of 2,4-D, was established. Initially various types of callus were observed and a correlation between genotype, size of explant and 2,4-D concentration was found. The best embryogenic response was observed when explants were smaller than 1.0 mm. Induction of somatic embryogenesis of 2.0 mm–3.0 mm explants required a higher concentration of 2,4-D. Most embryoids were formed in the presence of 5.0 mg/l of 2,4-D. Secale africanum and S. kuprianovii appeared to have the highest embryogenic capacity among the five investigated species. For embryoids germination to plantlets the MS medium supplemented with GA3 and cytokinins was used. Ultimately, out of the 932 regenerants obtained 364 originated from somatic embryogenesis.
TL;DR: Micropropagation of carob is possible from seedlings and mature trees using Murashige and Skoog medium with 5 μM zeatin for shoot multiplication and 10 μM indole-butyric acid for root induction.
TL;DR: Embryogenesis was induced in protoplast-derived calli on agar-solidified media and the highest frequency of sustained cell division in protiplast cultures was obtained in S1 medium of Schenck and Robbelen at plating densities of 1-2 × 105 · ml-1.
TL;DR: Shoot tip explants of the hybrid cultivar ‘Pioneer’ responded poorly to initial attempts to establish shoot proliferating cultures on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 or 4 µM benzyladenine with a four week subculture interval, but a combination of weekly subcultures and an MSmedium containing 2 µM BA produced shoot proliferate cultures sufficient for micropropagation.
Abstract: Shoot tip explants of the hybrid cultivar ‘Pioneer’ responded poorly to initial attempts to establish shoot proliferating cultures on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2 or 4 µM benzyladenine (BA) with a four week subculture interval. A combination of weekly subcultures and an MS medium containing 2 µM BA produced shoot proliferating cultures sufficient for micropropagation. Shoot organogenesis was obtained when callus derived from internodes of actively elongating shoots was transferred from a primary medium containing various cytokinins to a secondary medium containing MS salts and 10 µM BA. These small shoots elongated when transferred to a medium containing 2.5 µM BA. Adventitious shoots also differentiated on leaf tissue of ‘Pioneer’ elm. These shoots appeared to differentiate with little if any intervening callus from the margins of leaves of in vitro grown shoots where these leaves touched the medium (MS medium containing 2 µM BA). Tissue cultured shoots from all sources were rooted, acclimated, and transplanted to the greenhouse or field with good success.
TL;DR: Microplants of both species had reduced height and root growth when the MS nutrient salts were lowered to 25%, 50%, or 75% compared to full strength when sucrose was supplied at 5 gl-1.
Abstract: Shoots which proliferated from shoot tip explants of ‘Colorado White Simm’ carnation and ‘Fantastic’ tomato on MS medium containing 5 mgl-1 benzyladenine were rooted and grown in vitro as microplants. Tomato microplants grown in medium with 5 gl-1 sucrose had less overall shoot and root growth than those with 10,20, or 30 gl-1 sucrose regardless of NAA level. Carnation shoot growth was reduced by 5 g l-1 sucrose but root growth was not affected except when no sucrose was supplied. Microplant height and rooting of carnation were maximal when grown in 20 gl-1 sucrose whereas tomato microplant growth was greatest with 30 gl-1 sucrose. Microplants of both species had reduced height and root growth when the MS nutrient salts were lowered to 25%, 50%, or 75% compared to full strength when sucrose was supplied at 5 gl-1.
TL;DR: With this method, valuable genotypes can be preserved for a longer time than the natural vegetation period and show good homogeneity and are identical with the parent plant in terms of their digoxigenin-glycoside content.
Abstract: Shoot cultures of DIGITALIS LANATA Ehrh. (Scrophulariaceae) were established by inoculating meristem explants from axillary buds in a halfstrength liquid Murashige and Skoog medium. After short- and long-term cultivation IN VITRO, the shoots were rooted on a solid medium, transferred into soil, and grown in the greenhouse. The cardenolide content of the regenerated plants was determined by HPLC. The vegetatively propagated plants showed good homogeneity and are identical with the parent plant in terms of their digoxigenin-glycoside content. Long-term cultivation IN VITRO had no negative influence on the homogeneity and digoxigenin-glycoside content of the propagated plants. With this method, valuable genotypes can be preserved for a longer time than the natural vegetation period.
TL;DR: To separate the chimera into its components parts, meristems of TL were grow in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog medium to yield callus and adventitious shoots and one shoot has survived, flowered, and produced thornless offspring from seed.
Abstract: ‘Thornless Loganberry’ (TL) is a periclinal chimeral blackberry in which a layer of mutant (thornless) epidermis surrounds a core of wild-type (thorny) tiusse. Due to its chimeral arrangement, TL produces thorny adventitious root cuttings and thorny offspring. To separate the chimera into its components parts, meristems of TL were grow in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog medium to yield callus and adventitious shoots. One of these shoots has survived, flowered, and produced thornless offspring from seed. The importance of this non-chimeral TL is discussed.
TL;DR: Solanum nigrum protoplasts were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harboring agropine-type Ri plasmid with results that showed hairy roots appeared on MS medium without plant growth regulator.
Abstract: Solanum nigrum protoplasts were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harboring agropine-type Ri plasmid (pRi15834). A large number of transformed calli were obtained on Murashige and Shoog's (MS) medium lacking plant growth regulators. Frequency of transformation was about 3.5×10−3. In most of the calli, hairy roots appeared on MS medium without plant growth regulator. When the hairy roots were cut into segments and subcultured on MS medium lacking plant growth regulators, calli were readily formed. Plantlets were regenerated by transferring those calli to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l zeatin and 0.2 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid. Frequency of plant regeneration was about 70%.
TL;DR: A method of micropropagation based on the use of immature female inflorescences (IFI) as explants for the study of the actinorhizal symbiosis in Casuarina equisetifolia showed satisfactory growth and no plagiotropic tendency was observed.
Abstract: The study of the actinorhizal symbiosis in Casuarina equisetifolia requires an homogenous plant material. Consequently, we devised a method of micropropagation based on the use of immature female inflorescences (IFI) as explants. IFI excised from an adult tree formed multiple buds after 4-week incubation on Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.05 μmol 1−1 NAA and 11.1 μmol 1−1 BAP. The axillary buds evolved into 5–6 cm long shoots 5 weeks after the transfer of IFI on a similar medium except for the addition of activated charcoal. Rooting of the shoots was obtained on a third medium, without BAP or charcoal, but with 1 μmol 1−1 NAA. The plantlets were transferred into soil. Their growth was satisfactory and no plagiotropic tendency was observed.
TL;DR: Plants were regenerated from inflorescences of Paspalum spp.