Showing papers on "Murashige and Skoog medium published in 1989"
TL;DR: Somatic embryogenesis represents a significant step in developing a new breeding strategy for apomictic banana and plantain species and histological examination confirmed bipolar organization of somatic embryos.
Abstract: Proembryogenic calli were initiated from basal leaf sheaths and rhizome tissue on modified Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium with 30 μM 3,6–dichloro–2–meth–oxybenzoic acid (Dicamba). Cell suspensions were maintained in half–strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 20 μM Dicamba. The development of somatic embryos was promoted in cell suspensions 3–4 weeks after subculture in liquid modified MS medium with 5 μM zeatin. Characteristic stages of embryonic development were recapitulated and histological examination confirmed bipolar organization of somatic embryos. Conversion into plantlets took place in double layer media system composed of solid half strength MS medium with 5 μM zeatin and 1 g/l charcoal and liquid, hormone–free, half strength MS medium. In four Musa genotypes several hundred plantlets were regenerated and transferred into soil where they continued to grow. Somatic embryogenesis represents a significant step in developing a new breeding strategy for apomictic banana and plantain species.
220 citations
TL;DR: Reliable microtuber production has been obtained by culturing nodal expiants of potato on Murashige and Skoog medium without the addition of growth regulating substances.
148 citations
TL;DR: Regenerated shoots of peach and plum were rooted on half-strength MS inorganic semi-solid medium and regenerated adventitiously over a broad range of thidiazuron concentrations and 2.5 μM indole-butyric acid, and the presence of the embryonic axis inhibited the development of shoots.
Abstract: Shoots were regenerated from the proximal region of immature cotyledons (with the embryonic axis removed) of Prunus persica (peach) and from the same area in mature cotyledons of P. domestica (plum) and P. cerasus (sour cherry) on MS medium containing (in mgl-1) thiamine-HCl, 0.4; nicotinic acid, 0.5; pyridoxine-HCl, 0.5; sucrose, 25 000; and 0.7% agar. The medium was supplemented with 0.0–2.5 μM indole-butyric acid and 5–12.5 μM thidiazuron. Cultures were incubated at 24 °C under 16h photoperiod. Shoots regenerated adventitiously over a broad range of thidiazuron concentrations and 2.5 μM indole-butyric acid in 35 days. The presence of the embryonic axis inhibited the development of shoots. Regenerated shoots of peach and plum were rooted on half-strength MS inorganic semi-solid medium with 2.5–5.0 μM indole-butyric acid. Rooted plants were acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse.
121 citations
TL;DR: Somatic embryos were formed on the surface of the explants without visible callus formation when apical meristems of carrot seedlings were cultured on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium, and on malformed seedlings when carrot seeds were treated with hypochlorite solution at a high concentration.
Abstract: When apical meristems of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. US-Harumakigosun) seedlings were cultured on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with 0.7 M sucrose or 0.25–1 mM cadmium ion, then transferred to hormone-free MS medium with 0.1 M sucrose, somatic embryos were formed on the surface of the explants without visible callus formation. Somatic embryos were also formed on malformed seedlings, when carrot seeds were treated with hypochlorite solution at a high concentration and sown on hormone-free MS medium with 0.09 M sucrose. These somatic embryos were fractionated by passing through stainless steel sieves with different pore sizes, encapsulated in calcium alginate gel, and placed in plastic petri dishes under sterile conditions. These synthetic seeds germinated 1 to 2 weeks after the beginning of the culture. In the case of synthetic seeds containing a single embryo, the frequency of the seeds which developed both a radicle and a green bud was about 30–50% in large embryos induced by the treatment with sucrose, cadmium or sodium hypochlorite, and about 15% in 2,4-D induced embryos. When 2,4-D induced embryos were encapsulated and sown, numerous secondary and tertiary embryos were formed but they did not develop into normal seedlings.
89 citations
TL;DR: Under these two sets of conditions, yam shoot cultures consistently produced microtubers with individual weights in excess of 100 mg which were large enough to be capable of direct planting and subsequent growth in unsterilized soils.
Abstract: The effects of photoperiod (8, 12 or 16 h), mineral medium strength (dilutions of a tuberization medium, the T medium), sucrose (0, 2, 4, 8% w/v) and kinetin (0, 2.5μM) on the development of roots, shoots and microtubers in shoot cultures of Dioscorea alata L. and D. bulbifera L. yams were evaluated. All of the factors were found to have substantial effects on microtuber induction in these two species. The effects of high and low inorganic ammonium containing media on microtuberization of yam shoot cultures indicated that ammonium ions inhibited microtuber induction in D. alata but not in D. bulbifera. Microtubers of D. alata were only formed on shoot cultures if these were held under 8-h days. D. bulbifera cultures on the other hand produced microtubers under this photoperiod treatment as well as under 16-h photoperiods provided that kinetin was present in media at 2.5μM. Most microtuberization in D. alata shoot cultures occurred on full-strength T medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 2.5μM kinetin held under 8-h photoperiod at 25°C, whereas most microtuberization in D. bulbifera shoot cultures occurred on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 4% sucrose, 2.5μM kinetin held under 8-h photoperiods at 25°C. Under these two sets of conditions, yam shoot cultures consistently produced microtubers with individual weights in excess of 100 mg which were large enough to be capable of direct planting and subsequent growth in unsterilized soils.
87 citations
TL;DR: Plant regeneration from immature embryos of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) can be accomplished through somatic embryogenesis and this technique should be useful for the production of interspecific hybrid plants from immature Arachis embryos.
Abstract: Plant regeneration from immature embryos of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) can be accomplished through somatic embryogenesis. The highest frequency of somatic embryo formation occurred on B5 medium plus 0.5–1.0 mg/l picloram. Shoots and plants developed from the somatic embryos only after extended culture on basal medium. Shoots were excised from thick embryonic roots and rerooted on Murashige and Skoog medium containing half the normal concentration of inorganic salts. This technique should be useful for the production of interspecific hybrid plants from immatureArachis embryos.
85 citations
TL;DR: Five different genotypes from in vitro as well as greenhouse grown melon plants were shown to be highly responsive for in vitro shoot formation from leaf explants when placed on basic MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine.
Abstract: Five different genotypes from in vitro as well as greenhouse grown melon plants were shown to be highly responsive for in vitro shoot formation from leaf explants when placed on basic MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. In addition, a very suitable regeneration system was obtained when cotyledon pieces of mature seeds were incubated on the same culture medium. In this case, the first shoots already appeared after 10 days of incubation, and hundreds of shoots were formed on the cut surface 3 to 4 weeks later. Explants from mature cotyledons derived from seedlings did not lead to any shoot formation.
59 citations
TL;DR: Different parts of guava seedlings and the nodal segments of grafted plants were used as explants for in vitro culture and Regenerated shoots were rooted in basal medium with 100% rooting frequency and more than 90% of the plantlets were successfully established in soil.
54 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the altered morphology is caused by the presence of the exogenous antiauxin (TIBA) during the in vitro phase, which could not be explained by the occurrence of gross cytogenetic abnormalities such as aneuploidy or myxoploidy.
Abstract: A method for high frequency in vitro regeneration from petiole explants was tested on nine breeding lines of Beta vulgaris L. from the haploid, diploid and tetraploid levels. Regenerants could be obtained without a callus step, from excised petioles derived either from axillary buds sprouted in vitro or from field grown plants, by plating the explants on MS medium supplemented with TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). The multiple shoots obtained were then rooted in vitro and transferred to soil. In some cases, these adventitious shoots were also used as a petiole explant source for further petiole culture cycles, and the phenotypic characteristics and ploidy status of the regenerants were investigated after one or three petiole culture cycles. Conventional shoot apex culture was used as an in vitro control. Phenotypic variations such as differences in morphology and changes in in vitro growth behaviour, were noticed. Chloroplast and chromosome counts indicated that the alterations in morphogenetic pathway could not be explained by the occurrence of gross cytogenetic abnormalities such as aneuploidy or myxoploidy. Our results suggest that the altered morphology is caused by the presence of the exogenous antiauxin (TIBA) during the in vitro phase. Following transfer to the greenhouse, none of these variations persisted and cytogenetic analyses revealed karyotypic stability in all the plants studied, even after three petiole culture cycles. An assessment of the in vitro petiole culture method as a true-to-type multiplication method for Beta vulgaris is made.
49 citations
TL;DR: Regenerated calli derived from the tetraploid genotype developed roots easily but were recalcitrant to form shoots.
Abstract: Protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyls of etiolated seedlings from a diploid and the corresponding autotetraploid variety of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). The isolated protoplasts started to divide after 4 days in culture in a modified MS medium. Maximum plating efficiency was approximately 1%. Regenerated calli derived from the tetraploid genotype developed roots easily but were recalcitrant to form shoots. Eighteen months following the initiation of cultures, tetraploid embryoids and shoots emerged after 3 weeks on an MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l gibberellic acid.
40 citations
TL;DR: Callus cultures retained the embryogenic potential even after repeated subcultures for more than a year and plantlets could be successfully hardened and grown in natural outdoor conditions.
Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation were obtained from callus and cell suspension cultures of 40-year- old Himalayan Poplar (Populus ciliata Wall ex Royle). Callus and cell suspensions were obtained by transfer of inoculum of semiorganized leaf cultures, which were maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP), to MS with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Reduction of 2,4-D concentration during subsequent subculture of cell suspensions resulted in the formation of embryoids. These embryoids developed further only after being transferred to agar-based MS medium supplemented with BAP and naphthalene acetic acid. Loss of embryogenic potential was observed in cell suspensions after 6 subcultures. However, callus cultures retained the embryogenic potential even after repeated subcultures for more than a year. Plantlets could be successfully hardened and grown in natural outdoor conditions.
TL;DR: In vitro rooting percentage with cv.
Abstract: Cultures were initiated from meristems (0.5 mm) of the rose cultivar Queen Elizabeth (floribunda) and from both shoot-tips and nodal explants (3–5 mm) of cultivars Sunburst Red, Toy Clown (miniatures) and Fiona (ground cover). Average proliferations of 5.0, 3.1, 1.3 and 2.5 shoots were obtained per culture cycle respectively on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with BA (1.0 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 mg l-1) and GA3 (0.1 mg l-1). With cv. Fiona, the proliferation rate was more than doubled by removal of the shoot apex. The rate of proliferation of cv. Queen Elizabeth was significantly increased by using long shoots (>2 cm in length) and by re-culturing shoots to fresh medium every 3 weeks. In vitro rooting percentage with cv. Queen Elizabeth was enhanced by using long shoots (>2 cm) and by dilution of MS medium to 1/4 strength. Transfer of shoots for direct rooting in compost was significantly improved by pre-culturing shoots for two weeks in vitro in media containing IAA, and by the use of sorbarods.
TL;DR: All five poplar clones showed rapid shoot multiplication when cultured in the presence of 0.4-1.0 microM benzyladenine on Murashige and Skoog medium, although P. tremula 'Erecta' produced a greater number of healthy shoots when grown on Woody Plant Medium.
Abstract: Shoot tips of five genotypically diverse Populus clones, P. alba x P. grandidentata 'Crandon,' P. nigra 'Betulifolia' x P. trichocarpa, P. nigra x P. laurifolia 'Strathglass,' P. maximowiczii x P. trichocarpa 'Androscoggin' and P. deltoides x P. nigra 'Eugenei,' were collected from hardwood cuttings, sterilized,and established in vitro. Stable shoot cultures were obtained from all clones except P. deltoides x P. nigra 'Eugenei'. The four poplar clones that formed stable shoot cultures together with a previously established P. tremula 'Erecta' clone were placed as two-node explants on either Murashige and Skoog medium or Woody Plant Medium containing benzyladenine to determine the rate of shoot multiplication, shoot growth and other responses of the clones. All five poplar clones showed rapid shoot multiplication when cultured in the presence of 0.4-1.0 microM benzyladenine on Murashige and Skoog medium, although P. tremula 'Erecta' produced a greater number of healthy shoots when grown on Woody Plant Medium. Individual shoot growth of all clones was more vigorous when the medium contained 0-0.1 microM benzyladenine, and 100% of such shoots rooted ex vitro.
TL;DR: Somatic embryos were obtained from leaflet-derived callus of Cicer arietinum L.A. for obtaining a high frequency of embryogenic cultures, growth regulator supplement and incubation conditions during the callusing phase are critical.
TL;DR: Irrespective of illumination conditions, bud regeneration was achieved only in media containing BA or BA/auxin combinations, with the best results being obtained in the presence of BA and 0.06 or 0.6 μM IAA or NAA.
Abstract: Leaves were obtained from 4-week-old seedlings of Lavandula latifolia Medicus grown in vitro. Leaf explants were then cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of the auxins IAA or NAA with the cytokinin BA and maintained under three illumination conditions, 16h photoperiod, darkness or darkness followed by a photoperiod, to assess morphogenic responses. Irrespective of illumination conditions, bud regeneration was achieved only in media containing BA or BA/auxin combinations, with the best results being obtained in the presence of BA and 0.06 or 0.6 μM IAA or NAA. A photoperiod of 16h appeared to yield the best response in terms of bud regeneration percentage. High auxin concentrations (6.0 or 11.0 μM) inhibited bud differentiation, especially when explants were cultured in darkness. On the other hand, low auxin levels and photoperiod improved shoot development. Excised shoots were induced to form roots by transfer to hormone-free MS medium with macronutrients at half strength. The obtained plantlets were ultimately grown in the greenhouse.
TL;DR: Both regeneration procedures gave rise to healthy plantlets that were established in soil under glasshouse conditions at 80% frequency after hardening phase of two weeks and can be applied for the conservation and utilization of elite clones of R. emodi.
Abstract: Shoot-tip explants of Rheum emodi Wall. (Polygonaceae) gave rise to multiple shoots when cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Also, shoot buds developed from leaf explants using MS medium with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 to 1.0 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or IBA. Roots were induced when the resulting shoots were placed on MS medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA. Both regeneration procedures gave rise to healthy plantlets that were established in soil under glasshouse conditions at 80% frequency after hardening phase of two weeks. Regenerated plants showed a constant chromosome number of 2n=2x=22, same as the parent plant. The use of liquid shake cultures minimized the time and culture medium requirements for propagation. This procedure can be applied for the conservation and utilization of elite clones of R. emodi.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Nodule, bud, and shoot regeneration was significantly increased by wounding the leaf explants and the highest number of meristematic nodules and buds per leaf were induced at 25 μmol 2iP and the least at 5 or 100 μmol.
Abstract: Leaf explants from shoot-proliferating cultures of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) produced shoots on one-half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 5, 25, 50, or 100 μmol of 2iP. The highest number of meristematic nodules and buds per leaf were induced at 25 μmol 2iP and the least at 5 or 100 μmol. Nodule, bud, and shoot regeneration was significantly increased by wounding the leaf explants
TL;DR: A competent, embryogenic suspension culture of Chinese yam ( Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. ‘Nagaimo’) has been obtained and embryogenic callus was induced from stem segments cultured on an agar-solidified MS medium containing 2,4-D.
TL;DR: Pollen dimorphism of this Aesculus species was demonstrated and the ability of pollen embryos to germinate was closely correlated with normal embryo morphology and was influenced by hormone content in the medium.
Abstract: Uninuclear microspores in red horse chestnut anther cultures formed pollen embryos and plantlents in MS agar medium supplemented with varying 2,4-D concentrations (1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg l-1) and 1.0 mg l-1 Kin. The highest number of embryogenic anthers (38%) was obtained in MS medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 of each 2,4-D and Kin. The ability of pollen embryos to germinate was closely correlated with normal embryo morphology and was influenced by hormone content in the medium (MS+;1.0 mg l-1 IAA+1.0 mg l-1 GA3+0.1 mg l-1 Kin+400 mg l-1 glutamine). Pollen embryos and plantlets had the haploid chromosome number (x=n=40). Cytological examinations demonstrated pollen dimorphism of this Aesculus species.
TL;DR: Procedures have been developed that increase the rate of shoot regeneration of hybrid seed geranium from month-old primary callus cultures and regal geranium cultivars Tiny Tot and Lavender Grand Slam were shown to produce between 2–50 shoot primordia per explant when initiated on the same medium.
Abstract: Procedures have been developed that increase the rate of shoot regeneration of hybrid seed geranium from month-old primary callus cultures. Hybrid geranium callus tissue covered with green nodular structures was initiated by placing shoot tip explants on solidified Murashige & Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 zeatin and 1.9 mgl-1 indoleacetic acid. Hybrids Red Orbit, White Orbit and Scarlet Orbit were shown to produce 5–50 shoot primordia per explant when callus was initiated on this medium. Regal geranium callus was initiated by placing leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine and 2.0 mgl-1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Regal geranium cultivars Tiny Tot and Lavender Grand Slam were shown to produce between 2–50 shoot primordia per explant when initiated on the same medium.
TL;DR: Hypocotyl and cotyledonary axil explants of aseptically grown okra seedlings were induced to form callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with cytokinins or auxin-cytokinin combinations.
TL;DR: Compact, friable and embryogenic calli were initiated from immature inflorescences and young leaf bases of one week old seedlings of Paspalum scrobiculatum cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D.
Abstract: Compact, friable and embryogenic calli were initiated from immature inflorescences and young leaf bases of one week old seedlings of Paspalum scrobiculatum cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. A stable, embryogenic suspension culture was initiated from these calli and maintained in a liquid version of the same MS medium. Embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were obtained by plating suspension culture cells onto semi-solid medium containing 2,4-D. Complete, normal plantlets developed on 2,4-D free medium at a high frequency from somatic embryos. NAA and BAP in the medium promoted plant development.
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that axillary budding is not associated with ethylene biosynthesis in cultured rose explants, and that there is no function al relationship between axillary branching and biosynthesis.
Abstract: Cultured decapitated shoots (double axes on socle) from Madame Georges Delbard rose proliferated multiple shoots on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with IBA (0.1 mg 1−1) and BAP (1.5 mg 1−1) in a multiplication cycle of 21 days.A peak of ethylene production by the cultured rose explants correlated with the initiation (days 4–8) of lateral shoot outgrowth from basal axillary buds. Such a profile of ethylene production was not recorded on a rooting medium (IBA alone). The peak of ethylene production on the multiplication medium could be amplified by incorporating in the medium either ACC(the ethylene production enhancement was out of proportion with the slight stimulation of budding), or IBA and BAP at a 1: 1 ratio (both at 0.75 or 1.5 mg 1−1, which did not allow any budding). Ethylene production was slown down on the contrary and the peak suppressed by the addition of AVG and CoCl2 (AOA and AIB were toxic) without interference with the proliferation of axillary buds. The results thus provide evidence that there is no function al relationship between axillary budding and ethylene biosynthesis.
TL;DR: Protocols for plant regeneration from cotyledon explant and anther cultures of Sinapis alba have been developed for creating doubled-haploids and somaclonal variation but among the several cultivars tested in this study, only ‘Arda’ responded well to in vitro plant regeneration both from anther-as well as cotYledoncultures.
Abstract: Protocols for plant regeneration from cotyledon explant and anther cultures of Sinapis alba have been developed for creating doubled-haploids and somaclonal variation. Among the several cultivars tested in this study, only ‘Arda’ responded well to in vitro plant regeneration both from anther-as well as cotyledoncultures. Multiple shoot formation in cotyledon explants, which always followed a brief callusing phase, was found to be the best on MS medium with ZEA (1.0mg/l) and NAA (0.1mg/l). Regeneration frequency declined sharply in the absence of auxin or presence of other cytokinins and/or auxin. The frequency of shoot regeneration also declined with reduction in the photoperiod to 16h. On MS + BAP (1.0mg/l) + NAA (1.0mg/l) medium, cotyledonary explants showed profuse callusing, which could regenerate shoots on high ZEA + low NAA/IAA medium. However, it declined with progressing time in culture. Anthers, excised from fresh as well as cold pretreated buds, cultured on 10% sucrose containing MS media with different hormonal constitution, developed calli and/or embryos. Initial culture temperature was important with embryogenesis occurring only in anthers cultured at 30°C for 3 weeks. A high temperature (35°C) treatment was lethal for both callus as well as embryo formation. While BAP + NAA and ZEA + NAA/IAA supported embryogenesis, further plant regeneration from anther-or embryo-callus could be achieved in ZEA + NAA/IAA media. Some of the regenerants flowered already in vitro and had small and sterile flowers. Cytological examination of some of the root differentiating calli indicated the presence of haploid as well as diploid cells. Shoots were rooted during prolonged incubation on the same medium or on transfer to MS (reduced)/ B5 + ZEA + NAA media.
TL;DR: Immature embryos of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cv.
Abstract: Immature embryos of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. Royal with a PF index of 25–100 were used to regenerate plants in vitro using two methods. In the first case, callus was initiated on MS medium with 4.5 μM 2, 4-D plus 0.44 μM BA and regeneration of shoots from the callus occurred on MS medium with 4.4 μM BA plus 1.0 μM 2, 4-D. In the second case, adventitious buds were directly regenerated from the cotyledons on MS medium with 4.4 μM BA plus 1.0 μM 2, 4-D.
TL;DR: Rooting from shoots occurred after the 7th subculture and the percentage of rooting gradually increased by repeated subcultures, and the best rooting was obtained when shoots were pretreated on modified Linsmaier ahd Skoog medium (1/2 Macro-LS) supplemented with 162 mg/l phloroglucinol (PG) and 2mg/l IBA and kept in the dark for 5 days.
Abstract: In vitro propagation of Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) cvs. ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Shinsui’, ‘Kosui’, ‘Hosui’ and ‘Yagumo’ was investigated.1. Shoot tips (<0.5mm) of each cultivar were cultured in half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2MS) containing 1mg/l BA and 0.1mg/l IBA. Shoot growth and proliferation of ‘Shinsui’ and ‘Nijisseiki’ were less than with other cultivars at the culture establishment stage, but gradually became better after 4 subcultures.2. The best agar for shoot growth and proliferation was powder agar. The best basal medium was woody plant medium (WPM) for ‘Nijisseiki’, and ‘Osa-nijisseiki’, and 1/2MS for the other cultivars.3. Rooting from shoots occurred after the 7th subculture and the percentage of rooting gradually increased by repeated subcultures. The best rooting was obtained when shoots were pretreated on modified Linsmaier ahd Skoog medium (1/2 Macro-LS) supplemented with 162mg/l phloroglucinol (PG) and 2mg/l IBA and kept in the dark for 5 days, then transplanted to hormone-free 1/2 Macro-LS supplemented with 162mg/l PG.4. Rooted plantlets were transferred to peatmoss in containers and were gradually acclimatized in a growth chamber under 24h photoperiod for 2 weeks. After being transplanted to soil, plantlets of each cultivar began to grow well.
TL;DR: A single-step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls of Brassica juncea is reported, and can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.
Abstract: A single-step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls explains of Brassica juncea is reported. On modified
MS medium containing 2 % sucrose, 0.25 mgl 1 2,4-D, 0.5 mgl 1 each of NAA and BaP-R, each explant calluses at both of and at its best,
31% of explants produce embryoids. In the variety RLM-198, the number of embryoids ranges from 8-21 per culture. Each embryoid, upon proliferation,
developed up to the 25 shoots. The method is rapid; the time La ken from inoculation to the development of intact plantlets is 8-10 weeks. Regenerated
plants have flowered normally and have set seed. The system can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for isolation and culture of protoplast derived calli from genotypes of Onobrychis viciifolia selected for regeneration ability, were established.
TL;DR: Cell suspension cultures of Leontopodium alpinum established in a modified Murashige and Skoog medium were found to produce sitosterol and high concentrations of chlorogenic acid and 3,4-di- O -caffeoylquinic acid.
TL;DR: The results indicate that genotypes differ in the morphogenic potential of leaf explants, which is in line with previous reports on beta vulgaris and maritima.
Abstract: Leaf discs from sixBeta vulgaris lines and threeB maritima accessions were tested for their morphogenic responses in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 025 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) Direct shoot formation took place in two genotypes:B vulgaris line TA33-MS andB maritima acc France Rooting of differentiated shoots was achieved by culturing the shoots on a medium containing 02 mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA) Our results indicate that genotypes differ in the morphogenic potential of leaf explants