Showing papers on "Murashige and Skoog medium published in 1991"

High efficiency plant regeneration from cotyledons of watermelon ( Citrullus vulgaris Schrad)

Abstract: Cotyledons of various ages from seedlings of eight watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) cultivars were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of phytohormones. High frequency shoot regeneration (60.0–92.0%) was induced from 5-day-old cotyledons of cultivars cultured on MS medium containing 5.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Multiple shoot buds elongated on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l kinetin (KT) and 5–10 shoots per expiant could be recovered depending on the cultivars. Elongated shoots rooted on MS medium with 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Zeatin riboside (ZT) had a similar efficiency as BA in shoot induction, and it was significantly more functional than 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) or kinetin (KT). Cotyledons from 5-day-old seedlings were the most responsive to shoot induction.

Hernandulcin in hairy root cultures of Lippia dulcis

Abstract: The hairy root culture of Lippia dulcis Trev., Verbenaceae, was established by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. The transformed roots grew well in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2% sucrose. The roots turned light green when they were cultured under 16 h/day light. The green hairy roots produced the sweet sesquiterpene hernandulcin (ca. 0.25 mg/g dry wt) together with 20 other mono- and sesquiterpenes, while no terpenes were detected in the nontransformed root cultures. The growth and hernandulcin production in the hairy root cultures were influenced by the addition of auxins to the medium. The addition of a low concentration of chitosan (0.2 – 10.0 mg / l) enhanced the production of hernandulcin 5-fold.

In vitro propagation of Coleus forskohlii Briq., a threatened medicinal plant.

Abstract: In vitro clonai multip1ication of Coleus forskahlii Briq a threatened plant, has been achieved on MS medium supplemented with Kn (2.0 mg/l) and IAA (1.0 mg/l) using nodal segments as explants, Shoots multiplied at a rate of 12 — fold every six weeks. Rooting was achieved upon transfer of shoots onto MS medium containing IAA (1.0 mg/l). The micropropagated plants were successfully established under field conditions. Forskolin content in tubers of plants obtained by micropropagation was found to be 0.1%, the same as that found in wild plants. This micropropagation procedure should be useful for conservation as well as production of this important plant

Regeneration of fertile plants from protoplasts of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Abstract: Sunflower hypocotyl protoplasts (Helianthus annuus L.) from 5 PIONEER genotypes (PT024, SMF3, EMIL, HA300*PT024, VK5F) and 1 public line (RHa 274) formed colonies at frequencies of up to 60% when plated in 0.25ml agarose beads in a modified L4 medium (Lenee and Chupeau 1986) containing 3mg/l NAA, 1mg/l BA and 0.1mg/l 2,4-D, and 1000mg/l casamino acids. Protoplast-derived colonies grew slowly into calli. Organogenesis was obtained from callus of PT024 on a MS medium containing NAA and BA at 1mg/l and GA at 0.1mg/l. Freshly excised shoots were induced to root by an IAA treatment. Regenerated plants were transferred to the greenhouse and seed was harvested within 7 months of the initial protoplast isolation.

Rhizome induction and plantlet regeneration of Cymbidium goeringii from flower bud cultures in vitro

Abstract: Apical flower buds of Cymbidium goeringli Reichenbach fil. (ca 2 mm long) exeised from infloreseences (ca 5 cm long) were explanted on modified Murashige & Skoog medium (=MS medium) supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Within 107 days of culture, swelling growth, chlorophyll synthesis, and subsequent rhizome differentiation were observed. MS medium containing 0.1 mg l-1 BA and 10 mg l-1 NAA was found to be optimal for initiating rhizome development and subsequent plantlet regeneration. Explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 NAA alone formed a mass of rhizome branches. Multiple shoots of rhizome branches were induced from apical segments when rhizomes were transferred to MS medium containing 0.1 mg l-1 BA and 10 mg l-1 NAA.

A new approach to direct somatic embryogenesis in Medicago.

Abstract: A highly efficient system for direct somatic embryogenesis is described. Leaf sections originating from young trifoliate leaves of Medicago falcata line 47/1-5 and Medicago sativa line No2/9R, directly produced embryos after cultivation in liquid B5IV induction medium. In comparison with indirect somatic embryogenesis the system omits the callus stage and thus allows shortening of the process of somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa by 35-40 days. It permits the avoidance of secondary changes occurring during the process of dedifferentiation. A modified B5/3H medium containing Polyethylene Glycol 6000 promoted embryo development from globular up to torpedo stage. It was clearly shown that 2.5% Polyethylene Glycol stimulated this process for both H. falcata 47/1-5 and M. sativa No 2/9R. Maturation of torpedo stage embryos was carried out on solidified or liquid abscisic acidcontaining medium. A 30μM abscisic acid concentration was optimal in allowing one embryo to yield one plant. Somatic embryo conversion to plants and plant regeneration was performed on Murashige and Skoog medium. Regenerated plants showed a normal morphology.

The effects of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and N^6-benzyladenine on the growth of Cymbidium forrestii rhizomes in vitro.

Abstract: An Asiatic orchid, Cymbidium forrestii, was clonally propagated using seed-derived rhizomes as explants. The rhizomes were cultured and proliferated on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various growth substances. Auxins stimulated rhizome growth by increasing branching and fresh weight of the explant, with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) being the most effective auxin. All auxins tested suppressed normal shoot formation. The apical meristem of the rhizome reacted to exogenously applied auxin by reducing the cytoplasmic zone of the apical meristem and causing meristem derivatives to rapidly differentiate into vacuolated parenchyma cells. Leaf formation and development was retarded in the presence of auxin. Cytokinins generally reduced rhizome growth and the number of branches, but benzyladenine (BA) can induce shoot formation in vitro. BA induced the cytoplasmic zone of the apical meristem to enlarge and enhanced leaf development. A 5% (w/v) sucrose concentration was most effective in shoot induction when combined with 5 mg1-1 BA. Activated charcoal promoted rhizome growth; however, shoot formation was inhibited.

Growth regulator and axillary bud position effects on in vitro establishment of Vitis rotundifolia

Abstract: Four muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) cultivars (Carlos, Noble, Regale, and Tarheel) were evaluated for their ability to be cultured in vitro. Axil1ary buds were placed on Murashige and Skoog medium as modified by Chee. Different levels of benzylaminopu rine ((BA) 0.5 to 10.0 µ M), kinetin ((KIN) 0.5 to 5.0 µM), and thidiazuron ((TDZ) 0.5 to 11.3 µM), and different explant positions were evaluated for their effect on in vitro explant establishment and shoot production. Thidiazuron (2.3 to 4.5 µM) alone or in combination with BA (1.0 to 5.0 µ M) or KIN (1.0 or 5.0 µM) was effective for establishing axillary buds. Similar levels were also effective for pro- moting shoot proliferation. Explants originating from the 10 basal nodes of a shoot with at least 25 nodes gave better shoot proliferation than explants originating from the 10 distal nodes. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine, 6-furfurylaminopu. rine (kinetin):N -phenyl- N'- l,2,3 -thiadiazol-5-y lurea (thidiazuron).

Sensitivity to Abscisic Acid and Osmoticum Changes During Embryogenesis of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

Abstract: Developing embryos of alfalfa can be placed into nine stages of development according to their morphological characteristics. The intact seeds do not germinate when removed from the pod and placed on water until at least stage VI, and complete germinability is not achieved until the seeds are at the stage when they start to undergo maturation desiccation. Isolated embryos are germinable as early as stage III, and will germinate within 24 h on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3% sucrose. Osmoticum can inhibit embryo germination, but only proper osmotic conditions can maintain development in vitro; development does not occur at germination-inhibiting concentrations of abscisic acid. The sensitivity to abscisic acid and osmoticum changes with stage of development. Early-stage embryos have the highest abscisic acid sensitivity and this declines to the extent that mature dry embryos require a high concentration (1-0 mol m~3) to prevent their germination. Sensitivity of the embryos to osmoticum is maximum at stage VII of development. The combined inhibitory effect of abscisic acid and osmoticum on germination during development is greater than their individual effects. This combined effect is stage-dependent. Thus studies on the effects of abscisic acid and osmoticum on embryogenesis and associated synthetic events should be expected to vary according to the sensitivity to these agents at different stages of development.

Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability from Tissue Cultures of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract: Adventitious buds were induced from in vitro culture of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) cotyledons Four inbred lines (G1, G2, G3 and HA89), an open pollinated variety (‘Argentario’) and two hybrids with specific genetic markers were used Cotyledons were cultured in vitro on MS medium (Murashlge and Skoog 1962) containing various concentrations of kinetin and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) The quantitative interactions between auxin and cytokinin, the age of the cotyledons and the 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) treatments have been found to influence shoot regeneration The plantlets, after rooting, were successfully established on soil Qualitative variation was noted in self-pollinated progeny of plants regenerated from culture of two inbreds Chimerism in regenerated plants was indicated by sectoring of the genetic markers Some culture-induced variant phenotypes were similar to known spontaneous mutation in sunflower but others have been not yet described Preliminary data indicate that most of them may have single-gene recessive inheritance

Clonal micropropagation of Gentiana scabra bunge var. buergeri Maxim. and examination of the homogeneity concerning the gentiopicroside content.

Abstract: When the axillary buds of Gentiana scabra BUNGE var. buergeri MAXIM. were cultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS)medium supplemented with a combination of gibberellin A3 (GA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1mg/l each) at 25°C under 16h light conditions for 60d, the direct multiple shoot formation (18.5 shoots per axillary bud) occurred. The MS medium containing Ga-BAP (2.5mg/l each) mostly stimulated the multiple shoot formation having approximately 71 shoots per tissue in the second subculture of the regenerated shoot. The hormone free MS medium stimulated root formation. These clonally propagated plants were transplanted to vermiculite. Quantitative analysis of gentiopicroside contained in the root of plantlets was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography using p-anisic acid as an internal standard. Obviously, the variation of the clonally propagated plants was smaller than that of the cultivated plants bred by morphological selection. From this system, 4.7×108 clonally propagated plants can be theoretically obtained from an axillary bud in a year.

Avoidance of precipitation and carbohydrate breakdown in autoclaved plant tissue culture media

Abstract: The extent of breakdown of fructose and glucose derived from sucrose in the medium of Murashige and Skoog (1962) during autoclaving was investigated by polarographic measurement. Although not present in the original MS medium but often used in place of FeSO4 + Na2-EDTA, FeNa-EDTA was found to be primarily responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of these monosaccharides. It would therefore be good practice to autoclave FeNa-EDTA separate from the carbohydrate constituents of the medium in order to reduce the formation of toxic substances derived from the latter's breakdown. Autoclaving FeNa-EDTA separately has the additional advantage of preventing precipitation of certain micronutrient elements. Further precipitation can be avoided by autoclaving FeNa-EDTA and KH2PO4 together, but separately, from other components of the medium. By eliminating precipitation and minimizing the breakdown of monosaccharides during autoclaving, it is possible to improve the quality of the medium without resorting to sterilization by filtering.

Regeneration of Peanut and Perennial Peanut from Cultured Leaf Tissue

Abstract: Successful utilization of biotechnology for the improvement of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., will be made possible through development and optimization of tissue culture regeneration systems. This study evaluated plant development via organogenesis from in vitro-cultured immature leaf tissue of the cultivated peanut and a perennial peanut species, A. glabrata Benth. Leaflets, 5 mm in length from peanut seedlings and 5 to 10 mm in length from perennial peanut plants, were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg L⁻¹ 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and four concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 10 mg L⁻¹) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Bud regeneration occurred from the adaxial surface of the cultivated peanut explants on all BA concentrations, with the largest quantity produced on 5 mg L⁻¹. Eighty-four percent of the cultures with bud tissue continued growth and differentiation into shoots within 120 d. These shoots developed roots within 30 d of transfer to basal medium supplemented with 1 mg L⁻¹ NAA. Plantlets transferred to soil and placed in a greenhouse developed successfully, matured, and set seed. Phenotypic variation was not observed. A wide range of cultivated peanut genotypes was evaluated for organogenic responsiveness. The perennial peanut leaf explants callused and produced shoot meristems within 50 d of culture. Ten percent of the meristems continued growth and development into whole plants. Joint contribution from The Land, EPCOT Center, and the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. Journal Series no. R00805.

In vitro culture of adult and juvenile bud explants of Passiflora species

Abstract: Cultivar E23, an F1 hybrid of P. edulis and P. edulis f. flavicarpa is usually propagated by shoot-tip grafting. Various media were tested to evaluate the potential of E23 for in vitro propagation. Adult tissue was difficult to culture and did not respond to media containing low (<10 µM) concentrations of growth regulators. Growth of adult buds on intact stem sections was promoted by 1 week of dark incubation on MS basal medium plus 150 µM 2iP, 200 µM adenine sulphate and 17.1 µM IAA (3 mg l−1), and further developed into shoots on MS medium plus 4.9 µM 2iP (1 mg l−1) and 5.7 µM IAA (1 mg l−1). By contrast, juvenile shoots of E23, and Passiflora species: edulis f. flavicarpa, edulis, alata, caerulea, mollissima, coccinea, herbertiana and suberosa grew rapidly on MS medium plus 10 µM kinetin and 5 µM IAA. Rapid multiplication was achieved on MS plus 20 µM BA, 10 µM kinetin, 5 µM IAA, and roots initiated on MS plus 5 µM IAA.

In vitro propagation of the nitrogen-fixing tree-legume Acacia mangium Willd.

Abstract: In vitro propagation was initiated from 2-week-old and 7-month-old explants of Acacia mangium. Juvenile explants (2 week-old) of 5- to 10-mm lengths composed of two leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (BAP). After 6 weeks, most explants had formed a large cluster of 14–18 axillary shoots produced by prolific branching of the primary axillary shoot after elongation. The maximum multiplication rate (40) was obtained in the first subculture; the rate decreased to 10–20 in the second one. The mean length of shoots was not significantly affected by BAP concentrations during the subsequent cultures. Rooting ability of juvenile explants was greatly affected by BAP concentrations used in the multiplication medium. When both types of explants were multiplied on a MS medium containing 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and transferred to a half-strength MS medium containing 0.05 mg L-1 IBA, only 10% of the juvenile explants were rooted versus 70% of the 7-month-old explants. Rooted plants transferred onto artificial substrate were all nodulated, when inoculated with a specific Bradyrhizobium sp. strain.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of squash Cucurbita pepo L cv. YC 60

Abstract: Plant regeneration from tissue cultures of summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L., cv. YC60, has been observed. Somatic embryos organized from shoot apex derived callus cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.2 mg/l 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.8 mg/l benzylaminopurine, and 0.1 mg/l kinetin. Embryos developed into plantlets by transfer of immature somatic embryos to MS medium with 0.05 mg/l NAA and 0.05 mg/l kinetin. Regenerated plants appeared morphologically normal and set fruits with seeds which could germinate normally.

Callus induction in Phyllanthus species and inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase by callus extracts.

Abstract: Studies on callus induction and growth in Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) and some related species are described, as well as the inhibition of enzymes of hepatitis B and related viruses by callus extracts. Callus was induced from stem or branch pieces of P. amarus placed on several media combinations. Optimum induction and growth of friable, undifferentiated calli occurred on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with either 0.5 mg or 1 mg of BA/liter and 1 mg/liter of either 2,4-D or IBA, but not IAA. Callus induction using the same media was also attempted with other Phyllanthus spp. The best success was with P. abnormis. Aqueous extracts from fieldgrown plants were more active in vitro against viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase than extracts of calli.

Shoot regeneration from leaf explants of American and Chinese elm

Abstract: Shoots have been regenerated from greenhouse-grown Ulmus americana L. leaf sections on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.1 μM TDZ. After 2 months in culture, 73%±4% of explants treated with 0.1 μM TDZ produced 5.5±3.5 shoots per explant. There was no variation in regeneration potential detected among the seedlings tested (...)

Plantlet regeneration from immature cotyledon protoplasts of soybean (Glycine max L.).

Abstract: Protoplasts were isolated from immature cotyledons of Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Clark 63 and cultured in liquid or in agarose-gelled modified KP8 medium. Plating efficiencies of 45–50% were obtained in liquid medium and 55–60% in 1.2% (w/v) agarose beads. Upon regular dilution with K8 medium rapidly growing green microcalli (1–2 mm in size) were obtained in 5–6 weeks, which upon transfer to MSB medium with 0.5 mg 1−1 each of 2,4-D, BA, Kn and 500 mg 1−1 CH produced compact green calli in 4–6 weeks. After 3–4 regular subcultures of 14 days each on MSB medium containing 0.5 mg 1−1 each of BA, Kn, ZT, 0.1 mg 1−1 NAA and 500 mg 1−1 CH, about 21% of the compact calli formed multiple shoots. Addition of glutamine, asparagine and GA3 enhanced shoot regeneration up to 30%. Shoots of 0.5–1.0 cm length were transferred to 1/2 MS medium with 0.01 mg 1−1 TH and 0.5 mg 1−1 GA3 for elongation. In 2 to 3 weeks, approximately 60% of the shoots were 2–3 cm in length. These shoots were rooted on 1/2 MS with 1% sucrose and 0.2 mg 1−1 IBA or 0.5 mg 1−1 NAA. So far, twenty six plants have been transferred to the greenhouse, where they all have set seed.

Factors affecting morphogenesis from immature cotyledons of Phaseolus coccineus L.

Abstract: Direct somatic embryogenesis as well as somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis mediated by small glossy calluses were obtained from immature cotyledon explants of bean (P. coccineus) cv Streamline 770 on a modified half-strength MS medium (Murashige & Skoog 1962) containing various concentrations of (2-isopentenyl)adenine and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid. Substitution of sucrose with glucose gave, in the range of concentrations tested, the strongest enhancement of the morphogenic process. Further improvement regarding the number of morphogenic cotyledons, the number of regenerations per cotyledon and the quality of the embryos was observed when 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid or abscisic acid were added to the medium. After cycles of micropropagation on MS medium plus 4.4 μM 6-benzyladenine and rooting in the absence of growth factors, plantlets were adapted to ex vitro conditions and grown to maturity.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes Mediated Transformation of the Forage Legumes Medicago sativa and Onobrychis viciifolia

Abstract: Three cultivars of M. sativa and one cultivar of 0. viciifolia were evaluated for their response to inoculation with A. rhizogenes strain A4T (containing pRiA4b). A cultivar-dependent response was observed in M. sativa with 94%, 25%, and 4% of infected stem expiants producing transformed roots in the cultivars Vertus, Regen-S, and Rangelander, respectively. In O. viciifolia cv. Hampshire Giant, an explant-dependent response was observed with 78% and 50% of seedling cotyledon and hypocotyl expiants responding, respectively. Leaf expiants failed to produce transformed roots. Transformed roots showed plagiotropic and negatively geotropic growth on hormone-free agar MS medium. Production of transgenic shoots from O. viciifolia root cultures occurred spontaneously. Recovery of transgenic plants from M. sativa cv. Rangelander was achieved by transfer of callus (induced on UM medium containing 2 0 mg dm"3 2,4-D and 0-25 mg dm"3 kinetin) to MS medium containing 0-5 mg dm"3 BAP and 0 05 mg dm"3 NAA. Cultured roots of both species synthesized opines (agropine and mannopine). Extensive morphological variation was observed in plants of M. sativa (clone Al) and O. viciifolia (clone A4T1) established in the glasshouse. DNA sequences homologous to TL-DNA and TR-DNA were present in root clones and regenerated plants.

Peroxidase as a developmental marker in plant tissue culture.

Abstract: Peroxidase was studied as a developmental marker in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) callus lines and horse-radish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib) transformants. Embryogenic callus lines DE grown on MS medium with 2.4-D and NA-3 grown on medium with NAA and adenine sulfate showed about a 20 times higher enzyme activity than the habituated non-embryogenic line Z5b/T grown on medium without hormones. A rise in peroxidase activity indicated that somatic embryogenesis was triggered in a few habituated tissue cultures. Separated globular embryoids had a manifold lower enzyme activity than the callus from which they originated. SDS-electrophoresis showed distinct polypeptide patterns between the horse-radish leaves and crown galls, but the tumor characteristic protein bands failed to be identified. In horse-radish crown galls and short bushy plants regenerated from hairy roots an enhanced peroxidase activity was registered. Due to its high peroxidase level and abundant biomass production horse-radish transformants should facilitate enzyme production.

Screening and evaluation of agronomically useful somaclonal variations in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

Abstract: A procedure has been standardized for high frequency plant regeneration response from nodal explant cultures of Mentha arvensis Linn. var. piperascens Holmes. Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with IAA or NAA (0.5–2.0 mgl−1) alone, supported axillary shoot elongation while BAP (2.0–3.0 mgl−1) alongwith IAA (1.0 mgl−1) supported multiple shoot production. In vitro-derived shoots readily developed roots when cultured on NAA (1.0 mgl−1) fortified MS medium. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to glasshouse (90–95% survival rate) and ultimately to the field. Among 280 plants transferred to the field a wide range of variation was observed for various agronomic traits i.e. plant height (32.0–92.0 cm), leaf-stem weight ratio (0.53–2.32), herb yield (105.0–870.0 g), oil content (0.32–1.10%) and oil yield (0.66–5.22 ml/plant). In addition, variations were also recorded for four major constituents of the essential oil i.e. menthol (65.2–94.77%), menthone (1.40–20.89%), isomenthone (0.96–5.14%) and menthyl acetate (0.75–8.52%). A positive correlation is found for oil yield with plant height and herb yield, whereas a negative correlation exists between herb yield and oil content. Based on the initial agronomic assessments on individual plant basis, 27 somaclones were selected and further evaluated in a replicated plant to row trial with parent plant CIMAP/Hy-77 as standard check. Somaclones Sc 59 and Sc 179, selected on the basis of higher herb yield in the initial screening, recorded 55.8% and 64.3% increase in oil yield over the control, respectively. Somaclones Sc 93, Sc 114, Sc 121 and Sc 124 that were selected for their better oil content exhibited 47.2%, 50.6%, 57.5% and 48.2% increase in oil yield over the parent variety, respectively. The performance of these clones in evaluation trials is discussed in relation to the possibility of genetic improvement of mints through somaclonal breeding.

Micropropagation of Eucalyptus Species

Abstract: Two cold-tolerant species (Eucalyptus macarthurii Deane et Maiden and E. smithii R.T. Baker), a cold-tolerant hybrid (E. macarthurii×E. grandis Hill ex Maiden), and E. saligna Sm. were propagated in vitro from nodal explants collected from field- grown seedlings and from clonal hedges. Shoot growth was initiated on modified Mu- rashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing BA at 0.1 mg·liter -1 . Modified MS medium with BA (0.2 mg·liter -1 ) and NAA (0.01 mg·liter -1 ) was most effective in promoting shoot proliferation. Root initiation was achieved on half-strength modified MS medium with 2 mg IBA/liter. Rooted plants were hardened and established in the field. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1EZ-purin-6-amine (BA); 2-(1-naphthyl)acetic acid (NAA); 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Effect of Culture Media and Growth Regulators on In vitro propagation of Rose

Abstract: There is no single medium to suit every crop However, the salt mixture of Murashige and Skoog (1967) medium has proved satisfactory for many plants For some plants, the level of salts in the MS medium is either toxic or unnecessarily high The requirement of growth regulating substances varies with the system and mode of shoot multiplication Skirvin and Chu (1979) on In vitro shoot tip proliferation of ‘Forever yours’ green house rose in high salt MS medium containing 2 mg/1 BA and 01 mg/1 NAA

In vitro high frequency plant regeneration of a tree legume Tamarindus indica (L.).

Abstract: Optimal culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration from excised cotyledons of Tamarindus indica were established. Maximum shoot bud differentiation (100%) occurred when the adaxial surface of the entire cotyledon (excised from 12-d old seedlings) was in contact with MS medium containing 5×10−6M BAP. On MS alone only roots were formed. Shoot or root formation was confined to nodal tissue at the top of the notch present on the adaxial surface at the proximal end of the cotyledon. Thirty-four to 95 shoots were regenerated in a 4 month period from individual cotyledons. Shoots were rooted on MS with 5.7×10−6M IAA. IAA (5.7×10−7M) alone induced complete plant formation. Regenerated plants were established in the soil with 70% success.