Murashige and Skoog medium

About: Murashige and Skoog medium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10125 publications have been published within this topic receiving 148301 citations.

Induction of Highly Embryogenic Calli and Plant Regeneration in Upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) Cottons

Abstract: To accomplish our objective of broadening the number ofregenerable cotton lines, we developed a protocol capable of producing plants through somatic embryogenesis of diverse cotton species. Callus was initiated from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants on a callus initiation medium [CIM; modified MS with 1 mg L -1 kinetin and 2 mg L -1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 1. Friable embryogenic callus was periodically selected and transferred onto callus selection/maintenance medium (CS/MM) [modified MS with 0.1 mg L -1 kinetin and 0.5 mg L -1 NAA]. The selected callus was then transferred into a liquid embryo initiation medium (EIM) (modified MS medium in which NH 4 NO 3 was removed and KNO 3 amount doubled) followed by transfer to solid embryo maturation media EMMS 2 (0.5 mg L -1 NAA + 0.05 mg L -1 kinetin). The liquid step not only decreased the culturing time but also increased the number of embryos per gram of cultured tissue. Germinating somatic embryos were placed on MS medium with no hormones and plantlets were acclimatized before transfer to the greenhouse. Significant numbers of somatic embryos and their derived plantlets were obtained from a commercial cultivar of G. hirsutum, Deltapine 90 and G. barbadense accession GB-35B126 (PI-528306). The mean embryos per gram for Deltapine 90 on EMMS 2 were higher than those previously reported for Coker 312. Highly significant differences were found between the two genotypes for both embryo and plant production. To our knowledge, this is the first report of regeneration of G. barbadense through somatic embryogenesis.

Sucrose-induced osmotic stress affects biomass, metabolite, and antioxidant levels in root suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum L.

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the influence of initial sucrose concentration on the accumulation of biomass, phenols, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and hypericin in adventitious root cultures of Hypericum perforatum L. Cultures were initiated in shake flasks by using half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 1.0 mg l−1 indolebutyric acid (IBA), 0.1 m g l−1 kinetin, and different concentrations 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9% in w/v) of sucrose and were maintained in darkness. The medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose resulted in the optimum biomass accumulation, but higher sucrose concentrations (5, 7, and 9%) inhibited biomass accumulation due to the relatively higher osmotic pressure. However, the amount of total phenols, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and total hypericin was increased with the roots grown in the medium supplemented with 5, 7, and 9% (w/v) sucrose. The antioxidant potential of methanolic extract [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; ABTS) radical scavenging activities] of H. perforatum adventitious roots was also assessed and correlated with the metabolite accumulation. Cultures maintained with higher initial sucrose concentration (5, 7, and 9% w/v) showed increased accumulation of phenols, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and total hypericin, and this might be due to the osmotic stress at elevated sucrose concentrations. To verify the effect of osmotic stress on lipid peroxidation, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline were determined in the adventitious roots and the results revealed a marked increase in the concentrations of these compounds. These results suggest that optimal adventitious root biomass could be achieved in the MS medium with 3% (w/v) sucrose and increased sucrose concentration resulted in osmotic stress and, in turn, induces the accumulation of secondary metabolites.

A morphogenetically competent soybean suspension culture.

Abstract: A morphogenetically competent suspension culture was derived from embryonic axes of Glycine max cv. Mitchell. The cultural history included visual selection for nonfriable, embryo-like structures, recurrent selection in a regime of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid exposure and withdrawal, and the replacement of the nitrogen in a Murashige and Skoog salts-based medium with 20 millimolar ammonium citrate. The embryoids produced by this suspension are capable of completing plantlet development. The suspension can be maintained by serial subculture.

Rapid clonal multiplication through in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., a medicinal tree.

Abstract: Rapid clonal multiplication of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae), a medicinal tree, was achieved by enhanced axillary bud proliferation in young single-node segments of a 25-year-old tree cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium. Bud break was dependent on cytokinin supply, but the synergistic combination of 2.5 mg l–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg l–1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induced the formation of 12.1 shoots of up to 5.2 cm length in 48% of the explants after 7 weeks of culture. Explants of in-vitro-grown shoots – node, whole leaf, shoot tip and internode – were subcultured in the presence of 0.05–2.5 mg l–1 BAP to produce 11.3, 18.4, 5.3 and 3.2 shoots and shoot buds at a 100%, 70%, 95% and 40% rate respectively, in 7 weeks. Different shoot nodes and leaves were equally regenerative and adventitious organogenesis in the latter was confined to cut petiolar ends. Nodal explants responded most favourably at low BAP (0.05–0.1 mg l–1) and produced uniform (3.8–5.3 cm) shoots facilitating their simultaneous harvest for rooting. Repeated subculturing through five cycles of nodes and leaves of shoot cultures enabled continuous production of healthy callus-free shoots without any sign of decline. Shoot cuttings (3.0–5.2 cm) were best rooted in half-strength MS medium with 0.5 mg l–1 IAA (70%) or 10.0 mg l–1 indole-3-butyric acid (90%). Eighty-eight percent of the rooted plants were established in polybags after hardening.