Showing papers on "Mutation breeding published in 1983"

Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding

Abstract: 1 Introduction- 2 Methods for Inducing Mutations- 21 Mutagenic Agents and Related Problems- 22 The Chimerical Structure of the M1 Plants- 3 The Selection Value of Mutant Genes- 4 The Seed Production of Mutants and the Alteration of Quantitative Characters- 41 The Alteration of Quantitative Characters- 42 Mutants with Increased Seed Yield- 43 Released or Approved Mutant Varieties- 5 The Utilization of Mutants in Crossbreeding- 51 The Incorporation of Mutant Genes into the Genomes of Varieties or Strains- 52 The Joint Action of Mutant Genes- 521 Negative Interactions- 522 Positive Interactions- 6 The Alteration of the Shoot System by Means of Mutations- 61 Mutants with Reduced Plant Height: Erectoides Types, Semidwarfs, Dwarfs- 611 Barley- 612 Rice- 613 Bread and Durum Wheat Other Gramineae- 614 Dicotyledonous Crops- 62 Mutants with Increased Plant Height- 63 Mutants with Altered Stem Structure- 631 Branching, Tillering- 632 Stem Bifurcation- 6321 Bifurcated Mutants- 6322 Bifurcated Recombinants- 633 Stem Fasciation- 6331 Fasciated Mutants- 6332 Fasciated Recombinants- 634 Mutations in Fiber Plants- 7 Alterations of Flower Shape, Color and Function- 71 Flower Shapes and Flower Colors in Ornamentals- 72 Inflorescences- 73 Genetic Male Sterility- 8 Leaf Mutants of Agronomic Interest- 9 Mutations Affecting the Root System- 10 The Alteration of Flowering and Ripening Times- 101 Earliness- 102 Lateness- 103 Changes of the Photoperiodic Reaction- 11 Mutations in Vegetatively Propagated Crops and Ornamentals- 12 Heterosis- 13 Disease Resistance- 131 Resistance Against Fungi, Bacteria, and Viruses- 1311 Barley- 1312 Rice- 1313 Bread and Durum Wheat- 1314 Oats- 1315 Maize- 1316 Pearl Millet- 1317 Sugarcane- 1318 Dicotyledonous Crops- 132 Resistance Against Animal Pathogens- 133 Herbicide Tolerance- 14 Drought Resistance, Heat Tolerance, Winterhardiness- 15 Shattering and Shedding Resistance- 16 The Pleiotropic Gene Action as a Negative Factor in Mutation Breeding- 161 The Alteration of Pleiotropic Patterns Under the Influence of Changed Genotypic Background or Environment- 162 Mutations of Closely Linked Genes- 17 The Penetrante Behavior of Mutant Genes as a Negative Factor- 18 The Adaptability of Mutants to Altered Environmental Conditions- 181 The Reaction of Mutants to Different Natural Environments- 182 The Reaction of Mutants Under Controlled Phytotron Conditions- 19 The Alteration of Morphological and Physiological Seed Characters- 191 Seed Size- 192 Seed Shape- 193 Seed Color- 194 Physiological Seed Characters- 20 The Alteration of Seed Storage Substances- 201 Seed Proteins- 2011 The Characterization of Seed Proteins- 2012 Factors Influencing Protein Content and Composition- 20121 Environmental Factors- 20122 Endogenous Factors- 2013 Seed Protein Content of Different Varieties of the Same Species- 2014 Alteration of Seed Proteins Through Mutant Genes- 20141 Protein Mutants in Cereals- 20142 Protein Mutants in Legumes- 202 Seed Carbohydrates- 2021 Maize- 2022 Barley and Other Cereals- 2023 Peas- 203 Seed Lipids- 21 Other Plant Substances- 22 The Nutritional Value of Mutants- 221 Maize Mutants- 222 Barley Mutants- 223 Sorghum Genotypes- 224 Pea Mutants- 23 General Aspects of Mutation Breeding with Regard to the Improvement of Seed Storage Substances- References

Increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) by mutation breeding

Abstract: Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes — KS644 (‘Triumph// Concho/Triumph’), ‘Kaw’, ‘Parker’, and ‘Shawnee’ — were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Advanced lines (M8-M10) were selected that had a 3-year mean grain protein advantage of 0.7% to 2.0% over controls. Increased grain protein content was generally associated with decreased grain yield and kernel weight, but some high-protein mutant lines had yields or kernel weights similar to those of original genotypes. Changes in height and lodging induced by EMS were generally favorable, most mutants being shorter and lodging less than controls, but blooming date was generally delayed, a deleterious change. One line also changed from resistant to segregating for wheat soil-borne mosaic virus. Mutant lines might be utilized in cross-breeding programs, particularly if negative pleiotropic effects and linkages are absent.

Radiation-induced low-temperature tolerant cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifoliumRam

Abstract: Irradiation of rooted cuttings of several chrysanthemum cultivars resulted in a relatively high frequency of mutants tolerant to lower growing temperatures (15–16°C instead of 17–20°C as is normally applied). Some of these mutants have already replaced the original parent cultivars completely within three years after the beginning of the experiment.