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Showing papers on "Mutation breeding published in 2020"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that the used mutagens had direct impact and significantly improved agronomic traits in derivative mutants compared to their parent cultivars and highlighted the importance of these doses of appliedmutagens to induce useful genetic variability in bread wheat for improving grain yield and contributing traits.
Abstract: Mutation is an effective strategy not only for creating novel variation into crop genome but also for direct releasing adapted and high-yielding genotypes. The current work explores inducing genetic variability in bread wheat using physical and chemical mutagens. Three wheat cultivars were treated by three mutagens; gamma irradiation (five doses; 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 Gray); laser ray (three treatments; 1, 1.5, and 2 hour exposure) and EMS (three concentrations; 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Besides, a combination of physical (laser) and chemical (EMS) mutagens using middle range of each treatment (1.5 hour laser and 0.3% EMS) was attempted to be applied. The treated seeds were sown in the first season and 4050 M1 plants were harvested. The harvested seeds were sown in the second season, and 78750 M2 plants were obtained. The selection was performed in second season (M2) based on morpho-physiological and yield traits; flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, grain yield per plant and its components. Based on evaluated traits fourteen mutants were selected to be evaluated in the third generation (M3). The results indicated that the used mutagens had direct impact and significantly improved agronomic traits in derivative mutants compared to their parent cultivars. Moreover, the maximum increment in yield related traits were obtained by 0.4% EMS, 1 and 2 hour-laser, 350-Gy, 1.5 hour × 0.3% EMS and 250-Gy. The obtained results highlighted the importance of these doses of applied mutagens to induce useful genetic variability in bread wheat for improving grain yield and contributing traits.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
30 Jun 2020
TL;DR: Overall, the combined applied doses of gamma radiation and EMS are not recommended due to poor seedling emergence and seedling survival rate below LD50, but the above dose rates are useful to induce genetic variation in the tested sorghum genotypes for greater mutation events in Sorghum breeding programs.
Abstract: Success in inducing genetic variation through mutagenic agents is dependent on the source and dose of application The objective of this study was to determine the optimum doses of a single and combined use of gamma radiation and ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) for effective mutation breeding in sorghum The study involved two concurrent experiments as follows: in experiment I, the seeds of four sorghum genotypes (‘Parbhani Moti’, ‘Parbhani Shakti’, ‘ICSV 15013′, and ‘Macia’) were treated using gamma radiation (0, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy), EMS (0, 05 and 10%), and gamma radiation followed by EMS (0 and 300 Gy and 01% EMS; 400 Gy and 005% EMS) In experiment II, the seeds of two genotypes (‘Macia’ and ‘Red sorghum’) were treated with seven doses of gamma radiation only (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy) Overall, the combined applied doses of gamma radiation and EMS are not recommended due to poor seedling emergence and seedling survival rate below LD50 The best dosage of gamma radiation for genotypes Red sorghum, Parbhani Moti, Macia, ICSV 15013 and Parbhani Shakti ranged between 392 and 419 Gy, 311 and 354 Gy, 256 and 355 Gy, 273 and 304 Gy, and 266 and 297 Gy, respectively The EMS optimum dosage ranges for genotypes Parbhani Shakti, ICSV 15013, Parbhani Moti and Macia were between 041% and 060%, 048% and 058%, 046% and 051%, and 036% and 045%, respectively The above dose rates are useful to induce genetic variation in the tested sorghum genotypes for greater mutation events in sorghum breeding programs

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
23 Mar 2020
TL;DR: The M2 families developed here exhibited broad phenotypic variation and should be valuable genetic resources for functional gene analysis in pepper molecular breeding programs using reverse genetics tools, including TILLING.
Abstract: Plant breeding explores genetic diversity in useful traits to develop new, high-yielding, and improved cultivars. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is a chemical widely used to induce mutations at loci that regulate economically essential traits. Additionally, it can knock out genes, facilitating efforts to elucidate gene functions through the analysis of mutant phenotypes. Here, we developed a mutant population using the small and pungent ornamental Capsicum annuum pepper “Micro-Pep”. This accession is particularly suitable for mutation studies and molecular research due to its compact growth habit and small size. We treated 9500 seeds with 1.3% EMS and harvested 3996 M2 lines. We then selected 1300 (32.5%) independent M2 families and evaluated their phenotypes over four years. The mutants displayed phenotypic variations in plant growth, habit, leaf color and shape, and flower and fruit morphology. An experiment to optimize Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) in pepper detected nine EMS-induced mutations in the eIF4E gene. The M2 families developed here exhibited broad phenotypic variation and should be valuable genetic resources for functional gene analysis in pepper molecular breeding programs using reverse genetics tools, including TILLING.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
26 Apr 2020
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ar, C and Ne ion beam radiation are all effective for mutation induction in rice and has revealed at the genome level the characteristics of the mutations induced by the three ion beams.
Abstract: High-energy ion beams are known to be an effective and unique type of physical mutagen in plants. However, no study on the mutagenic effect of argon (Ar) ion beam radiation on rice has been reported. Genome-wide studies on induced mutations are important to comprehend their characteristics for establishing knowledge-based protocols for mutation induction and breeding, which are still very limited in rice. The present study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of three ion beams, i.e., Ar, carbon (C) and neon (Ne) on rice and identify and characterize heritable induced mutations by the whole genome sequencing of six M4 plants. Dose-dependent damage effects were observed on M1 plants, which were developed from ion beam irradiated dry seeds of two indica (LH15, T23) and two japonica (DS551, DS48) rice lines. High frequencies of chlorophyll-deficient seedlings and male-sterile plants were observed in all M2 populations (up to ~30% on M1 plant basis); plants from the seeds of different panicles of a common M1 plant appeared to have different mutations; the whole genome-sequencing demonstrated that there were 236–453 mutations in each of the six M4 plants, including single base substitutions (SBSs) and small insertion/deletions (InDels), with the number of SBSs ~ 4–8 times greater than that of InDels; SBS and InDel mutations were distributed across different genomic regions of all 12 chromosomes, however, only a small number of mutations (0–6) were present in exonic regions that might have an impact on gene function. In summary, the present study demonstrates that Ar, C and Ne ion beam radiation are all effective for mutation induction in rice and has revealed at the genome level the characteristics of the mutations induced by the three ion beams. The findings are of importance to the efficient use of ion beam radiation for the generation and utilization of mutants in rice.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2020
TL;DR: The results not only provide valuable information about mutagenic treatments and germplasm resources of black gram, but also provide guidance for generating black gram mutants through mutation breeding.
Abstract: Induced mutagenesis creates new allelic combination of genes without disturbing the basic genomic structure of the plant. Effectiveness relates mutagen dose to mutational events, while mutagenic efficiency shows the proportion of mutations in relation to biological damage in M1 generation. Present investigation was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of different individual and combination treatments of gamma rays and EMS in M2 generation of black gram. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated in relation to biological damage in M1 and chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. The order of mutagenic effectiveness based upon the percent of mutated plant progenies was EMS > gamma rays+EMS > gamma rays. Combination treatments of gamma rays+EMS were found to be the most efficient followed by the individual treatments of EMS and gamma rays in both the varieties. Moderate doses of gamma rays and EMS alone as well as in combination proved more effective and efficient in inducing mutations. Among the varieties, variety Pant U-30 proved more responsive towards mutagenic treatments than the variety T-9. These results not only provide valuable information about mutagenic treatments and germplasm resources of black gram, but also provide guidance for generating black gram mutants through mutation breeding.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Qiang Wang1, Yulong Chen1, Jinju Fu1, Qingxiang Yang1, Lingran Feng1 
TL;DR: The mutation breeding method established to obtain lycopene-overproducing mutants was established, and the transcriptional changes between the mutant and parent strains were then revealed by RNA-seq, which can serve as a basis for metabolic engineering.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of the genetic variation of ten promising (M6) EMS-induced mutant lines of chili pepper potentially resistant to ChiVMV by their morphological characteristics and SSR profile, as well as identify potential mutants based on agronomic traits showed that all the promising chili pepper mutant lines underwent significant morphological changes.
Abstract: . Manzila I, Priyatno TP, Nugroho K, Terryana RT, Lestari P, Hidayat SH. 2020. Molecular and morphological characterization of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants resistant to Chili veinal mottle virus. Biodiversitas 21: 1448-1457. Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a major prevalent virus that potentially reduces the yield of chili pepper by more than 50% in Indonesia. Therefore, the development of a ChiVMV-resistant cultivar is necessary to ensure satisfactory chili pepper production. Mutation breeding is a promising tool available to produce virus-resistant plants via the induction of new alleles due to point mutations within the existing chili germplasm. This research was conducted to assess the genetic variation of ten promising (M6) EMS-induced mutant lines of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) potentially resistant to ChiVMV by their morphological characteristics and SSR profile, as well as identify potential mutants based on agronomic traits. The ten chili pepper mutant lines used in the present study were derived from the shoot tips of a Gelora cultivar treated with 0.5% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen. The performance of the respective promising chili pepper mutant lines both at a molecular and morphological level was observed. Phenotypic analysis showed that all the promising chili pepper mutant lines underwent significant morphological changes. Of these, the phenotype coefficient variation (PCV) values were higher than the genotype coefficient variation (GCV) values for all the traits observed. High heritability (h2) was found for the canopy area, length of the fruit stalk, fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, thick fruit flesh, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit storage duration. A total of 52 alleles were detected from the five polymorphic SSR loci with 5.2 average alleles/loci. A dendrogram was generated and revealed two groups with five mutants clustered separately from their parents which could be valuable for further improvement.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
23 Apr 2020
TL;DR: Results indicated that short-term γ-irradiation was more effective to induce mutations in Cymbidium, and information on the stability of chimera mutants will be useful for mutation breeding of diverse ornamental plants.
Abstract: Ionizing radiation combined with in vitro tissue culture has been used for development of new cultivars in diverse crops. The effects of ionizing radiation on mutation induction have been analyzed on several orchid species, including Cymbidium. Limited information is available on the comparison of mutation frequency and spectrum based on phenotypes in Cymbidium species. In addition, the stability of induced chimera mutants in Cymbidium is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the radiation sensitivity, mutation frequency, and spectrum of mutants induced by diverse γ-ray treatments, and analyzed the stability of induced chimera mutants in the Cymbidium hybrid cultivars RB003 and RB012. The optimal γ-irradiation conditions of each cultivar differed as follows: RB003, mutation frequency of 4.06% (under 35 Gy/4 h); RB012, 1.51% (20 Gy/1 h). Re-irradiation of γ-rays broadened the mutation spectrum observed in RB012. The stability of leaf-color chimera mutants was higher than that of leaf-shape chimeras, and stability was dependent on the chimera type and location of a mutation in the cell layers of the shoot apical meristem. These results indicated that short-term γ-irradiation was more effective to induce mutations in Cymbidium. Information on the stability of chimera mutants will be useful for mutation breeding of diverse ornamental plants.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This transcriptome dataset provides a valuable public information platform for investigating the transcriptome sequence variation induced by 7Li-ion beam-induced mutagenesis and offers a basis for crop mutation breeding.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluated watermelon varieties in Cameroon were radiosensitive as clearly expressed in the parameters evaluated, where the values decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose, and could be safely applied for large-scale gamma irradiation of watermelon genotypes to create desirable agronomic traits in the mutation breeding efforts.
Abstract: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most popular fruits in Cameroon and the world at large. However, the extreme sensitivity of watermelon to parasites and climatic vagaries makes its cultivation demanding of chemical inputs that can have negative impacts on human health and the environment. In Cameroon, there is a slow improvement of fruit yield in watermelon breeding due to the lack of natural heritable genetic variation, which is a prerequisite for genetic improvement of crops. Such variation can be created through either random or targeted processes on genotypes with appropriate doses of radiation. Genetic improvement by induced mutagenesis appears today alongside hybridization as an alternative method of creating new plant varieties. However, the success of this approach is determined by the application of an appropriate and ideal dose of mutagen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitivity of the two most cultivated watermelon varieties in Cameroon to gamma radiation from 60Co in order to determine an optimal dose or lethal dose 50 (LD50) for the induction of the genetic variability necessary for genetic improvement. Seeds of the Kaolack and Crimson sweet watermelon varieties were irradiated with five doses of gamma radiation (100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 Gy) in the laboratory of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Seibersdorf, Austria. These seeds were cultivated in a greenhouse following an utterly randomized device with three repetitions, and parameters such as the germination rate, the survival rate and the shoot length of plants were evaluated. High rates of 90% and 75% germination were obtained, respectively, for the control treatments of Kaolack and Crimson sweet, while the lowest rates were 35% at 600 Gy for Kaolack and 30% at 400 Gy for Crimson sweet. The highest survival rate of plants (96.66%) was obtained with the control seeds of the Kaolack. This variety had the lowest survival rate (45.6%) at 600 Gy dose. Statistical analysis of data obtained helped to estimate the ideal LD50 doses based on growth reduction of seedlings’ heights after gamma-ray treatment. Using a linear regression model based on parameters like plant size, the LD50 doses for Kaolack and Crimson sweet were calculated at 225.40 Gy and 221.56 Gy, respectively, and predicted between 200 and 250 Gy. These results show that the two varieties evaluated were radiosensitive as clearly expressed in the parameters evaluated, where the values decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose. The LD50 doses from this study could be safely applied as reference doses for large-scale gamma irradiation of watermelon genotypes to create desirable agronomic traits in the mutation breeding efforts.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
20 Jun 2020
TL;DR: The results indicated efficient GA3 production could be achieved on the condition that the supply of glycerol at the suitable conditions, and would lay a foundation for industrial production of GA3.
Abstract: Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural plant growth hormone that has been widely used in agriculture and horticulture. To obtain higher GA3 producing strains, the method of screening the strains for resistance to simvastatin was used after treatment with nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and gamma rays. The rationale for the strategy was that mutants showing simvastatin resistance were likely to be high GA3 producers, as their activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is relatively more effective. GA3 yield of mutant S109 increased by 14.2% than that of the original strain. The GA3 production ability in mutant S109 remained relatively stable after ten generations. With the addition of 0.4 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in Erlenmeyer flask, maximum GA3 production of 2.7 g/L was achieved by this mutant, exhibiting 28.6% increase compared with original strain. Furthermore, we also achieved 2.8 g/L GA3 and had a 33.3% increase with addition 20 g glycerol on the 5th day during the fermentation process in a 5-L bioreactor. Our results indicated efficient GA3 production could be achieved on the condition that the supply of glycerol at the suitable conditions. This study would lay a foundation for industrial production of GA3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study uses ethylmethanesulfonate as a mutagenic agent to induce genome-wide point mutations to improve the current germplasm resources of Sea Island cotton and develop diverse breeding lines with improved adaptability and excellent economic traits.
Abstract: Allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense) are cultivated worldwide for its white fiber. For centuries, conventional breeding approaches increase cotton yield at the cost of extensive erosion of natural genetic variability. Sea Island cotton (G. barbadense) is known for its superior fiber quality, but show poor adaptability as compared to Upland cotton. Here, in this study, we use ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) as a mutagenic agent to induce genome-wide point mutations to improve the current germplasm resources of Sea Island cotton and develop diverse breeding lines with improved adaptability and excellent economic traits. We determined the optimal EMS experimental procedure suitable for construction of cotton mutant library. At M6 generation, mutant library comprised of lines with distinguished phenotypes of the plant architecture, leaf, flower, boll, and fiber. Genome-wide analysis of SNP distribution and density in yellow leaf mutant reflected the better quality of mutant library. Reduced photosynthetic efficiency and transmission electron microscopy of yellow leaf mutants revealed the effect of induced mutations at physiological and cellular level. Our mutant collection will serve as the valuable resource for basic research on cotton functional genomics, as well as cotton breeding.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2020-Agronomy
TL;DR: The results provide a scientific reference for the phytochemical variation in wheat mutant lines, thereby aiding in further mutation mechanism studies and for the quality control of the improved wheat cultivars.
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae), one of the most popular food crops worldwide, contains basic and essential nutrients and various health benefiting phytochemicals. Among them, flavonoids have attracted significant interest owing to their various health-promoting properties. In this study, 35 wheat mutant lines were developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding from the original cultivar. The effects of radiation breeding on the endogenous phytochemical production in the sprouts of these mutant lines were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS) with multivariate analysis for the first time in this study. Fourteen characteristic peaks, including eleven flavone C-glycosides, two flavone O-glycosides, and one flavone, were identified. In addition, the contents of three flavone C-glycosides, namely, isoschaftoside, isoorientin, and isoscoparin, in 37 wheat sprout samples from the original cultivar, certificated cultivar, and the mutant lines were determined. A heat map combined with hierarchical clustering showed variation in the relative content for the flavonoids between the 37 wheat sprout samples, clustering into three groups. On principal component analysis scores scatter and loading plots, significant differences in the levels of flavonoids were found between the samples and several markers responsible for group separation were detected. These results provide a scientific reference for the phytochemical variation in wheat mutant lines, thereby aiding in further mutation mechanism studies and for the quality control of the improved wheat cultivars.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The LD50 evaluation revealed maximum concentration and treatment duration vary per varieties, and regardless of varieties, EMS-treated leaf cuttings had the highest survival rate and phenotypic evaluation revealed that mutagenic plants were only taken from those treated with colchicine.
Abstract: The study aims to determine the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) of Echeveria varieties as induced by chemical mutagens. Three cultivated varieties from Echeveria species, namely ‘Brave,’ ‘Viyant,’ and ‘Snow bunny,’ were induced with chemical mutagens: colchicine, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and sodium azide (NaN3). Each mutagen was diluted to different concentrations: colchicine (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%), NaN3 (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%), EMS, and MMS (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%). Soaking durations for each concentration level were 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. The survival rate and phenotypic data for mutated plants per variety in response to chemical mutagens were collected. The LD50 evaluation revealed maximum concentration and treatment duration vary per varieties. Regardless of varieties, EMS-treated leaf cuttings had the highest survival rate. However, upon phenotypic evaluation, the results revealed that mutagenic plants were only taken from those treated with colchicine. The use of colchicine to produce mutated succulents should be further investigated at the molecular level. The results of the study are highly beneficial for mutation breeding programs for other succulent varieties or other related crops.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Mutation breeding for crop improvement is a technique used for over 70 years and it is a fast way to increase the rate of spontaneous genetic variation in plants contributing to global food security.
Abstract: Mutation breeding for crop improvement is a technique used for over 70 years. It is a fast way to increase the rate of spontaneous genetic variation in plants contributing to global food security. The genetic variability, created through mutagenesis i.e. physical or chemical, is an important breeding material for developing improved varieties and many studies in the field of functional genomics. The randomly generated heritable genetic changes are expressed in the mutant plants, which are selected for new and useful traits, such as high yielding, disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses and improved nutritional quality. The technique helps to improve the tolerance of crop species to adverse climatic conditions, such as extremes of temperatures, drought, occurrence of pests and diseases. Through support provided by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division, significant agronomic and economic impact has been generated in many countries. The FAO/IAEA Mutant Variety Database (MVD) (http://mvd.iaea.org) demonstrates the significance of mutation induction as an efficient tool in crop improvement. The extensive use of induced mutant germplasms in crop improvement programmes resulted in releasing of more than 3,332 mutant varieties from around 228 crop species (20 July 2020).

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jul 2020-Nucleus
TL;DR: An extra early mutant that matured on 70 DAS was identified in M4 generation of TMV 5 at 15 mM and confirmed the superior performance of the mutant TVS 1401 for yield attributes in station trials, it was evaluated in MLT for two seasons.
Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) also known as Queen of oilseeds is being cultivated worldwide for its oil content for nutritional and medicinal value. Low productivity is one of the major constraints of sesame cultivation. Systematic efforts are made using induced mutagenesis to increase its productivity and realize earliness and alteration in genetic architecture. Sodium Azide was used as a chemical mutagen in the present study. Nine sesame varieties viz., TMV 3, TMV 4, TMV 5, TMV 6, TMV (Sv) 7, CO 1, VRI 1, VRI(Sv) 2 and Paiyur 1 released from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India were subjected to mutation at three different concentrations of Sodium Azide viz., 5 mM, 10 mM and 15 mM. An extra early mutant that matured on 70 DAS was identified in M4 generation of TMV 5 at 15 mM. This mutant (TVS 1401) was forwarded to subsequent generations with confirmed earliness. After confirming the superior performance of the mutant TVS 1401 for yield attributes in station trials, it was evaluated in MLT for two seasons. During Rabi 2017 MLT, it recorded 521 kg/ha of seed yield with the duration of 72 days. During Kharif 2018, it recorded 683 kg/ha of seed yield which was 21.96% higher yield than the popular check TMV 7 and matured 16 days earlier. This extra early mutant has white seed coat colour with 1000 seed weight of 3.22 g. Dissection of fatty acid profile of this mutant also confirmed its superiority. Distinctness of TVS1401 in molecular level was also established through RAPD markers viz., OPC03550 and OPA04550.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2020
TL;DR: The results supported that the recurrent mutagenic treatments can be used to induce new mutant safflower genotypes which are characterized by spineless, earliness high seed yield and seed oil content.
Abstract: Mutation breeding is a tool to induce new genetic variation for improving agronomical important traits. Thus, an investigation was carried out during two successive growing winter seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 on safflower plants, at the Experimental and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt. Three mutagen treatments i.e., dimethyl sulfoxide, electric shock and gamma rays, were used to isolate the desirable mutants in M4 and M5 generations of thirty three safflower genotypes. Three mutagen treatments were used, such as; the chemical mutation mutagen was more effective than the two other mutagens to induce mutant genotypes. On the other hand, some mutant progenies were derived from gamma rays treatment with dose 20 kr which was more effective mutagen for induction of stable promising mutants in safflower, according to final results of M5 generation, particularly high yielding ability trait, softness and earliness as compared to untreated plants. Concerning the important traits, the results showed that the earliest progenies for flowering date were 11 gave 119 days while, 9 gave 120 days with the h1 treatment and rad. in M5 generation. Also, the results showed that two mutated progenies 9 and 12 gave the highest seed yield/plant, 355.64 and 317.67 gm respectively from h3 treatment, one progeny 13 gave 382.90 gm from t1 treatment. The seed oil content trait, showed that the highest progenies no.11 and 12, gave 44.80 and 44.76 % respectively, on using h1 treatment, while, the mutated no. 13 gave 45.32% from t1 treatment. Finally, these results supported that the recurrent mutagenic treatments can be used to induce new mutant safflower genotypes which are characterized by spineless, earliness high seed yield and seed oil content. Thus, they can be involved in breeding programs to get new suitable varieties with high seed and oil yield.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Mutation induction resulting by the induced mutation through gamma ray irradiation is an alternative technique in developing/generating bananas with improved traits with several advantages over other methods; however, biosafety regulations may hinder the application in several countries.
Abstract: Bananas (Musa spp.) are among the world’s most important crops. In terms of gross value of production, they are the fourth most important global food crop. Hence, bananas and plantains are important for food security in developing countries where they form an integral component of the farming systems. However, due to the prevailing low yields attributed principally to diseases including black leaf streak (caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis) and Fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, different races), and stress from climatic conditions, it is necessary to complement classic breeding with biotechnology induced in vitro mutation breeding by using gamma irradiation and genetic transformation. These techniques aim to increase productivity and to improve the resilience of the crop to climatic change. Conventional breeding has had a dramatic impact, and as a result, several Pseudocercospora fijiensis-resistant cultivars have been released. Mutation induction resulting by the induced mutation through gamma ray irradiation is an alternative technique in developing/generating bananas with improved traits. Furthermore, genetic transformation is an alternative for crop improvement with several advantages over other methods; however, biosafety regulations may hinder the application in several countries. The induced mutation and genetic transformation techniques are very useful for banana improvement.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2020
TL;DR: The results showed that, hybridization and treated plants by 2000 ppm of hydrazine hydrate were the more effective than other treatment of Hydrazine Hydrate, as well as the hybrids were more responsible than the other genotypes for induction of stable promising mutants according to final results at F2 and F2M2 generation especially grain yield /plant.
Abstract: In an attempt to develop for high yield genotypes of bread wheat, two procedures, i.e. mutation breeding and hybridization were used to induce new genetic variations. Three field experiments were conducted during the seasons 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University Assiut Branch. The results showed that, hybridization and treated plants by 2000 ppm of hydrazine hydrate were the more effective than other treatment of hydrazine hydrate, as well as the hybrids were more responsible than the other genotypes for induction of stable promising mutants according to final results at F2 and F2M2 generation especially grain yield /plant. The F2 and M2 populations of these genotypes exhibited differences in the magnitude of phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variation and heritability for studied traits under this study. The highest expected gain from selection (GA%) for grain yield/plant was obtained from Sids-14, Gemmiza 11 and Sids 14 x Giza 171 when treated by 2000 ppm from Hydrazine hydrate reached to 77.80, 57.70 and 55.71 %, respectively., more than those of the untreated F2 populations.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Mutation breeding, with its diversity of methods, will still be applied for the decades to come as an important wheel of plant breeding, especially in the current scenario of simultaneous increasing demand for high-quality food and gradual erosion of the genetic variability for most crops, including rice.
Abstract: Mutation breeding is an important approach in the vast field of plant breeding which has been responsible for the development and release of a large number of improved cultivars for several crops, with especial regard to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Several different traits have been improved through artificially induced mutations, including rice grain quality, a trait which has increased in importance among consumers and thus for breeding programs. The aim of this chapter is to briefly discuss the importance of mutation breeding for rice grain quality improvement. Throughout the whole chapter, examples of successful results obtained through artificial mutagenesis for rice grain quality improvement are discussed. The main methods applied so far are also presented. A total of 237 rice cultivars with improvements in grain quality through mutagenesis have already been released. From these, 209 have been generated through the use of physical mutagens and 28 through chemical agents. Recent methods of mutation detection comprising next-generation sequencing are increasing in use, with encouraging results. Among the traits already improved with the aid of mutation breeding, one can list both increase and decrease of amylose content, improvement in starch resistance, high-lysine genotypes, grain biofortification with iron and zinc, and decrease of the content of toxic elements, such as arsenic and cadmium, or of anti-nutritional compounds, such as phytic acid. Mutation breeding, with its diversity of methods, will still be applied for the decades to come as an important wheel of plant breeding, especially in the current scenario of simultaneous increasing demand for high-quality food and gradual erosion of the genetic variability for most crops, including rice.



Journal Article
TL;DR: Mutation breeding helps in isolating mutants with desirable traits in niger and this crop needs more attention to improve the seed yield and oil content.
Abstract: Niger is a minor oilseed crop of India. It is cultivated in Ethiopia and India. The crop is cultivated in unproductive lands, marginal lands and hilly areas. It is a neglected crop and farmers are cultivating local varieties. It is a highly cross pollinated crop and is self incompatible. The capitula are very small and difficult to make hybridisation. So mutation breeding is the option to create variations. Physical and chemical mutagens are used to create mutations. An effort was made to review the mutation breeding in niger. A very limited work was carried out on mutation breeding in niger. Mutants were isolated for high oleic acid and high oil yield (Shabnum et al., 2011), improved oil content and early flowering (Naik and Murthy, 2009) and improvement in seed weight per plant (Suvarna et al., 2020). Other mutagenic effects of physical and chemical mutagens were also reported in niger (Maloo and Agrawal, 1995; Suvarna et al, 2020, Premajyoti, 2006). Meiotic properties of C1 plants was also studied (Dagne, 2001). Mutation breeding helps in isolating mutants with desirable traits. This crop needs more attention to improve the seed yield and oil content.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the seeds of three desi varieties released from Pantnagar were mutagenized with physical mutagen (gamma rays at 300 and 400 Gy doses) and chemical mutagen(ethyl-methane sulphonate @ 0.5%) and their combination treatments.
Abstract: Mutation breeding is an effective tool for creation of genetic variability in chickpea crop due to its self-pollinated nature and narrow genetic base. The seeds of three desi varieties released from Pantnagar were mutagenized with physical mutagen (gamma rays at 300 and 400 Gy doses) and chemical mutagen (ethyl-methane sulphonate @ 0.5%) and their combination treatments. M1 generation showed gradual decrease in germination with increase in mutagen strength in addition to this, combination treatments caused more biological damage than individual mutagen treatment. In M2 generation, variance for varieties revealed significant differences for thirteen agronomic traits except two i.e. number of primary branches per plant and pod length. However, all kinds of mutagenic treatments and variety x treatment variance were significant for eight traits including yield per plant. Different viable mutants were identified for early and late maturity, stem and leaf character, mutants with high number of primary branches or secondary branches and double mutants. In general, combined treatments 300 Gy + 0.5% EMS and 400 Gy + 0.5% EMS were observed to be most effective in inducing variability for most of the characters under study. But, frequency of viable mutants increased with increase in dose of gamma ray, whereas EMS alone gave comparatively higher frequency than combined treatments in all the three varieties. The isolated mutants suitable for mechanical harvesting and ideal plant type with early flowering can be used as genetic stocks and utilized in future crop improvement programs.