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Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that although there are good theoretical grounds for mutation specificity, in practice Arabidopsis thaliana is unlikely to be of any value for mutation breeding.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the physiological status of plant tissue greatly affects the characteristics of mutations induced by ionizing radiation, and that dry seeds are more suitable materials than seedlings for inducing loss-of-function mutations.
Abstract: Ionizing radiation including heavy-ion beams has been widely used in mutation breeding. Dry seeds, seedlings, and cultured tissues are often used for mutagenesis; however, little is known about the differences in induced mutations among them. Here, we examined the characteristics of mutations using randomly chosen Arabidopsis M2 plants derived from dry seeds and seedlings irradiated with carbon ions. The mutation frequency was 1.4–1.9 times higher in dry-seed irradiation than in seedling irradiation. This difference was mainly due to the three-times higher frequency of insertions and deletions (InDels) in dry-seed irradiation than in seedling irradiation. This difference increased the proportion of mutations predicted to affect gene function among all mutations identified by whole genome re-sequencing. Our results demonstrate that the physiological status of plant tissue greatly affects the characteristics of mutations induced by ionizing radiation, and that dry seeds are more suitable materials than seedlings for inducing loss-of-function mutations. The results also showed that single base deletions often occurred in homopolymeric sequences, while InDels larger than 2–3 bp often occurred in or near polynucleotide-repeat or microhomologous sequences. Interestingly, microhomology was less commonly found around large deletions (≥50 bp), suggesting that the rejoining process differs depending on the deletion size.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mutant analysis was critical in lettuce genomic studies including identification and cloning of disease-resistance genes and unconventional approaches such as tissue or protoplast culture, transposable elements, and space flights were utilized to generate mutants in lettuce.
Abstract: Lettuce is a major vegetable in western countries. Mutations generated genetic variations and played an important role in the domestication of the crop. Many traits derived from natural and induced mutations, such as dwarfing, early flowering, male sterility, and chlorophyll deficiency, are useful in physiological and genetic studies. Mutants were also used to develop new lettuce products including miniature and herbicide-tolerant cultivars. Mutant analysis was critical in lettuce genomic studies including identification and cloning of disease-resistance genes. Mutagenesis combined with genomic technology may provide powerful tools for the discovery of novel gene alleles. In addition to radiation and chemical mutagens, unconventional approaches such as tissue or protoplast culture, transposable elements, and space flights have been utilized to generate mutants in lettuce. Since mutation breeding is considered nontransgenic, it is more acceptable to consumers and will be explored more in the future for lettuce improvement.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Leaves of Streptocarpus Constant Nymph have been irradiated with X-rays and fast neutrons and a high mutation frequency has been observed as well as a wide variability among the 857 mutants obtained.
Abstract: Leaves of Streptocarpus Constant Nymph have been irradiated with X-rays and fast neutrons. Considering the production of plantlets on the rooted leaf-halves as well as the frequency of mutants among them, the optimal dose for X-rays was found to be 3 krad. Like Saintpaulia ionantha, Streptocarpus produces solid mutants after irradiation, a fact which indicates that each plantlet, developing from an adventitious bud, originates from only one cell. Moreover, a high mutation frequency has been observed as well as a wide variability among the 857 mutants obtained. Application of a heavy X-ray dose (4–5 krad) a few days after colchicine treatment resulted in a frequency of tetraploids which was twice the one obtained after colchicine treatment alone. A number of mutants and (auto)tetraploids have been propagated and tested for their commercial value. Sofar, 5 mutants have been commercialized, viz. Purple Nymph, Mini Nymph, Blue Nymph, Netta Nymph and Cobalt Nymph.

39 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Mutation breeding has been quite successful for producing new mutant cultivars with desirable traits in both seed and vegetative propagated crops, and several selected putative mutants tolerant to Bayoud disease have maintained tolerance toBayoud disease under field conditions.
Abstract: Genetic variability is needed for the improvement of crops, which can be either spontaneous or induced by mutagen treatments. The frequency rate of spontaneous mutations is very low and can't be used for plant breeding in developing new cultivars. Mutation breeding has been quite successful for producing new mutant cultivars with desirable traits in both seed and vegetative propagated crops (http://www-mvd.iaea.org). Somatic embryogenic cell cultures of date palm were irradiated with gamma radiation, and regenerated plants were transferred in the greenhouse and treated with Bayoud toxin, isolated from the causal fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Several selected putative mutants tolerant to Bayoud disease were initially maintained in the greenhouse and finally transferred in the field for further evaluation. These plants have maintained tolerance to Bayoud disease under field conditions.

38 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202341
202244
202118
202026
201927
201830