Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Low-temperature mutation breeding method for tulips

Abstract: The invention discloses a low-temperature mutation breeding method for tulips. The low-temperature mutation breeding method is characterized by including the following steps of seed pretreatment, wherein tulip seeds are soaked in a 180-ppm sodium hypochlorite solution and irradiated by an ultraviolet lamp to be sterilized; high and low temperature chemical mutagenesis, wherein a mixed chemical mutagen is prepared from diethyl sulfate, sodium nitrite and hydroxylamine and used for soaking the tulip seeds for mutagenesis, and the tulip seeds are placed in a calorstat with alternating high temperature and low temperature; centrifugal treatment, wherein the tulip seeds obtained after being soaked in a colchicines solution with the concentration of 0.05-0.07% are placed in a centrifugal at therotating speed of 4100-4300 r/min, and the seeds mutate in a centrifugal superheavy state; low-temperature culture, wherein the germination stage of tulips is under low temperature, the germination growth cycle is prolonged, and more mutation changes are obtained; later stage cultivation, wherein the tulip seeds with stable characters are obtained for mass breeding reproduction.

Gene Targeting Applied to Designed-mutation Breeding of High-Tryptophan Rice

Abstract: Introduction Gene targeting (GT) via homologous recombination (HR) is a powerful transformation technology not only for the analysis of the function of the gene of interest but also for the molecular breeding of crops, because it enables modification of the endogenous target gene as expected. To date, successful GT events have been reported in several flowering plants including rice1-5. Site-directed mutagenesis via GT without using exogenous positive selection markers is a ‘clean’ transformation technology. The technique is more likely to gain public acceptance than other methods of genetic modification, because only a few nucleotides of the target gene are substituted and the plants are genetically equivalent to mutant plants produced by conventional mutation breeding. Moreover, the technique is generally more efficient than conventional mutation breeding, which depends on natural variation or induced random mutagenesis. Here, we describe the successful production of rice plants via GT that accumulate high levels of free tryptophan in mature seeds. We also discuss the potential of designed-mutation breeding in crops via GT (Fig. 1).

In vitro Technique for Selection of Radiation Induced Mutants of Tall Fescue

Abstract: In vitro culture and radiation techniques were used for obtaining mutants tin tall fescue. Endophyte free and friendly tall fescue cultivars Kentucky-31 and Jesup were used for induction of genetic variability through in-vitro mutagenesis. Mature seeds was used for callus induction on 6mg/L 2,4-D. Actively growing and compact callus was treated with three different doses of gamma rays(10Gy, 30Gy and 50Gy). Maximum proliferation and plantlets regeneration growth was observed in control and minimum at 10Gy. Furthermore, the maximum number of tiller in the irradiated population was observed in 10Gy. The treatments 30Gy and 50Gy exhibited negative impact on the tillering potential of the tall fescue plant. The object of this study was to develop protocols for mutation breeding in tall fescue through radiation techniques.(Key words : Tall fescue, Mutation, Gamma rays, Endophyte, Callus)

In Vitro Mutagenesis of Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya Using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) and Plantlet Regeneration

Abstract: Plant breeding through mutation techniques has the main purpose to explore genetic diversity in the presence of useful traits for developing new plants. Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) is a widely used chemical to induce mutations in plants focused on obtaining genetic variation. EMS can induce random points of mutations and some of which can create new stop codons in the desired gene. EMS has been successfully used to generate morphological diversity and encourage the improvement of desired traits. The 3-month-old Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya Orchid protocorm-like bodies (PLB) treatment with EMS concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.075% can change genetic diversity, especially in leaf morphology. A total of 105 orchids were soaked in EMS solution at concentrations for 12 and 24 hours respectively. The phenotypic variations observed in this population include changes in leaf color and the number of buds. This EMS mutant population will be used for further studies including screening for various traits such as through ISSR analysis to determine the level of diversity. This research shows that mutagenesis using EMS can produce the amount of variability in Dendrobium. The generation of variability for desired traits resulted in the identification of several mutants with important agronomic characteristics that can be used as germplasm for improvement.