Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

In vitro mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior (Jack) and early detection of mutation using RAPD markers

Abstract: Mutation breeding techniques in combination with tissue culture and molecular marker methods provide a powerful tool for improvement of vegetatively propagated plants. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for shoot regeneration and mutation induction of Etlingera elatior. The results of irradiation on in vitro buds of E. elatior showed LD 50 to be 10 Gy, with the survival of explants being sharply reduced at this dosage. All 8 selected gamma irradiated regenerants were differentiated from the untreated control based on the banding patterns obtained using 9 primers, which generated 59 reproducible bands, whereby 35 (55.31%) were found to be polymorphic. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity values ranging from 0.537 to 0.860 were indicative of the level of genetic variation among the mutants studied. For comparison between the potential lines (PL) and the control, a maximum similarity value (0.814) was observed in PL1 mutant, while the minimum value (0.537) was observed in PL7. In summary, a combination of irradiation, regeneration, multiplication, and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for early screening of mutants can speed up the breeding program of E. elatior.

Fundamentals of Plant Breeding and Hybrid Seed Production

Abstract: Part 1 Introductory topics: historical resume crop germplasm reproductive systems male sterility self-incompatibility techniques of artificial hybridization genetic basis of plant breeding selection interspecific and intergeneric hybridization Part 2 Methods of crop breeding: pure-line selection pedigree method bulk population method backcross method population improvement recurrent selection composite and synthetic varieties asexually propagated crops apomictic grasses maize hybrids hybrid varieties mutation breeding polyploid breeding disease resistance breeding insect resistance breeding abiotic stresses breeding for specific traits plant tissue culture genetic engineering Part 3 Seed production: release and maintenance of crop varieties plant variety protection hybrid seed production

Construction of mutation populations by gamma-ray and carbon beam irradiation in chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract: Mutagenesis using ionizing radiation has been widely used for the development of genetic and breeding resources with novel characteristics. Although mutation breeding using X- and gamma-rays has been attempted in peppers, information on the effectiveness of other ionizing radiation and a comparative analysis of mutagenic effects of different forms of radiation is limited. Therefore, we investigated and compared the biological effectiveness and mutagenesis efficiency of gamma-rays and a carbon beam (a heavy ion beam) in a chili pepper landrace of Korea, ‘Yuwol-cho’. The survival and shoot growth rate obtained by irradiation at serial doses showed that the LD50 was about 140 and 35 Gy, and the RD50 was about 80 and 32 Gy for gamma rays and carbon beams, respectively. The optimal doses for mutation breeding for these forms of radiation were estimated to be 80-100 and 15-20 Gy for gamma rays and carbon beams, respectively. We also developed M2 populations consisting of 1,836 lines by gamma-ray irradiation (100 Gy) and 154 lines by carbon beam irradiation (20 Gy). The frequency of dwarf or male sterile individuals showed that the mutagenic effect of the carbon beam was higher than that of gamma-rays. We identified individuals in each population with various developmental mutations through phenotypic analysis and categorized the mutations into four groups (mutations in plant architecture and development, leaf, flower, or fruits). This study provides basic information for mutation breeding using ionizing radiation and useful materials for the identification of genes related to the diverse characteristics in chili pepper.

Inducing Potential Mutants in Bread Wheat Using Different Doses of Certain Physical and Chemical Mutagens

Abstract: Mutation is an effective strategy not only for creating novel variation into crop genome but also for direct releasing adapted and high-yielding genotypes. The current work explores inducing genetic variability in bread wheat using physical and chemical mutagens. Three wheat cultivars were treated by three mutagens; gamma irradiation (five doses; 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 Gray); laser ray (three treatments; 1, 1.5, and 2 hour exposure) and EMS (three concentrations; 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Besides, a combination of physical (laser) and chemical (EMS) mutagens using middle range of each treatment (1.5 hour laser and 0.3% EMS) was attempted to be applied. The treated seeds were sown in the first season and 4050 M1 plants were harvested. The harvested seeds were sown in the second season, and 78750 M2 plants were obtained. The selection was performed in second season (M2) based on morpho-physiological and yield traits; flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, grain yield per plant and its components. Based on evaluated traits fourteen mutants were selected to be evaluated in the third generation (M3). The results indicated that the used mutagens had direct impact and significantly improved agronomic traits in derivative mutants compared to their parent cultivars. Moreover, the maximum increment in yield related traits were obtained by 0.4% EMS, 1 and 2 hour-laser, 350-Gy, 1.5 hour × 0.3% EMS and 250-Gy. The obtained results highlighted the importance of these doses of applied mutagens to induce useful genetic variability in bread wheat for improving grain yield and contributing traits.

Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis for Improvement of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract: A comparison of the effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for inducing mutation in chilli seeds of 10 different doses along with one respective control. Seeds were treated with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kR of gamma rays and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM of ethyl methanesulfonate. The M1 generation was produced from these mutagen treated seeds. Several unique and interesting chlorophyll and viable mutants were obtained in the M generation (subsequent generation derived from the seeds of M 21 generation). Chlorophyll mutations are used to evaluate the genetic effects of various mutagens. The spectra of chlorophyll mutants albina, chlorina, viridis and lutescens were most frequently. In M generation, gamma 2 rays induced higher proportion of chlorophyll mutants than EMS. Frequency of viable mutants was, in general, higher in treatments with EMS than with gamma rays. Treatment with 30 mM EMS was more effective in inducing desirable mutations at the highest frequency. The desirable viable mutants of long and dark red pods, base non-bulging fruits, flower mutant (normally pentamerous flower but an abnormal behavior of trimerous, tetramerous, heptamerous), two or three flowers on a peduncle, profuse branching and pod setting and genic male sterility were isolated from different treatments. Lethality or biological injury, apparent as reduced germination, increased with increasing dose of gamma rays and EMS. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency generally increased with increasing dose of EMS. Mutation breeding will significantly increase the chilli amelioration both the effectiveness and efficacy of induced variability of desirable traits to develop improved genotypes.