Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Induced macromutations in horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc]

Abstract: Genetic variability is the prerequisite for any crop to be improved. Mutation breeding is a best method identified to enhance the genetic variability in crops within short time. Knowing the limited variability in horsegram, present investigation was undertaken for the improvement in this crop by utilizing the variety Dapoli Kulthi-1. To induce variations, gamma radiation (100-600 Gy) and EMS (0.2 to 0.6%) separately and in combination of both were applied and the effect on seed germination as seedling damages were assessed in M1 generation. With increase in doses of mutagenic treatment, gradual reduction in seed germination, root length, shoot length and seedling height was recorded. In M2 generation the mutagenic treatments with lower doses were stimulative, while higher doses had inhibitory effect on chlorophyll and morphological mutations. Various viable macro mutations were scored for plant height, primary branches, pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod length, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant in M2 population.

Induced mutants in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and their potential use in nutrition quality breeding and gene discovery

Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the most widely grown grain legume for human consumption and a major protein and mineral source in East Africa and Latin America. It is also a simple diploid species with a small genome (650 Mb). Despite its nutritional and economic importance and tractable genome, P. vulgaris has a paucity of mutant resources compared to other crops, making it difficult to perform genetic screening in the species. In this review we discuss recent studies on mutagenesis that aim to produce large-scale, mutagenized populations for generalized trait screening, as well as previous EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) and gamma radiation mutants that were developed for biological nitrogen fixation or plant morphology traits. Mutant stocks in this crop will allow researchers to conduct both forward (systematic phenotypic screening) and reverse genetics (such as TILLING, or Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes) experiments aimed at understanding the genes involved in various traits, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, grain quality, and nutritional value, as well as genes involved in symbiosis with Rhizobia. Thus, mutant stocks will be important for gene discovery and creating novel variability. In this review, we highlight applications of mutation breeding for nutritional quality improvement of common bean, giving examples of seed protein, mineral content, and tannin accumulation traits.

Mutation breeding in Dianthus caryophyllus for economic traits

Abstract: Dianthus caryophyllus is a commercial season based floricultural crop which grows well in temperate climate all over the world and popular as cut-flowers for its variegated petal's colour So, it has terrific market demands in international trading In this modern era, an agronomic demand of high yielding cultivar of this crop was noticed Development of cultivars with more desirable floral characteristics and higher productivity are also very important in this crop Keeping this view in our mind, we undertook the venture of mutation breeding programme by selecting chemical mutagens, viz Colchicine (Col), Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS), and Maleic Hydrazide (MH) at different concentrations, which were applied on the seeds and leaves The first mutation generation (M1) seeds of the crop were harvested properly and kept in dessicator for its proper restoring Thereafter, the second mutation generation (M2) seeds were grown in the next season for availing M2 populations Various biometrical characters viz number of tillering per plant, total number of flowers, length (cm) of flowers, length (cm) of petals and weight (g) of 1000 seeds were studied and the obtained raw data were analyzed following the ANOVA model