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Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results obtained demonstrate the beneficial use of mutation breeding for inducing and developing variable and desirable advanced mutant breeding lines within peanut cultivars.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the variability among advanced large-seeded 'Georgia Browne' mutant breeding lines induced by gamma-irradiation. Seeds of the small-seeded, high-yielding, disease-resistant peanut cultivar 'Georgia Browne' were exposed to a 200 Gy dose of gamma-radiation. Several advanced (M(6:7)-M(6:9)) 'Georgia Browne' mutant breeding lines were developed and evaluated at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station over three consecutive years 1997-99 for disease incidence, pod yield, total sound mature kernels (TSMK) grade, pod weight, seed weight and seed size distribution. Field performance tests showed significant differences among the advanced large-seeded mutant breeding lines compared with 'Georgia Browne' for each of these variables. The results obtained demonstrate the beneficial use of mutation breeding for inducing and developing variable and desirable advanced mutant breeding lines within peanut cultivars.

16 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Efforts need to be strengthened to enhance the wide range of variability for agronomical, morphological, biochemical, and biotic and abiotic stress‐tolerant characters and to use them in breeding program to break the yield barriers in Brassica crop species.
Abstract: Mutation breeding is one of the approaches to enhance the spectrum of beneficial alleles of agronomic and economic significance in crop improvement program. It has been demonstrated in oleiferous Brassica species too. Physical and chemical mutagens were used to isolate mutations for reduced plant height and yield‐contributing characters. Wide range of variability for flower morphology has been isolated. Yellow seed coat mutants and their use in crossbreeding program have resulted in the development of high oil content lines. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) has played an important role to tailor fatty acid composition of rapeseed‐mustard. Mutations for reduced erucic acid and increased oleic acid have been achieved using EMS. Use of mutations for modified fatty acids in crossbreeding has improved oil quality and seed yield potential. The haploid system was found to be beneficial in Brassica napus for the induction of mutation for herbicide resistance, disease resistance, and oil and meal quality. Mutation breeding has been successfully employed to develop high‐yielding varieties. So far 31 high‐yielding varieties have been developed and released for cultivation all over the world. Compared to important cereal and oilseed crops, limited work on mutation breeding has been undertaken in rapeseed‐mustard. Therefore, efforts need to be strengthened to enhance the wide range of variability for agronomical, morphological, biochemical, and biotic and abiotic stress‐tolerant characters and to use them in breeding program to break the yield barriers in Brassica crop species. Analysis of mutant at molecular level would reinforce the understanding on mechanism of mutations in the era of genomics.

15 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The present investigation was undertaken to determine the LD50 of EMS and effect of different dosages of EMS on seed germination of two Indian mustard varieties and one of its important wild relative Sinapis alba to provide information for initiating mutation breeding programme in rapeseed-mustard crops.
Abstract: Mutation breeding is an effective way to enrich genetic variability in crop plants There are two basic means, physical and chemical mutagens for inducing mutations Among chemical mutagens, the alkylating agent, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is the most commonly used mutagen in plants as it causes a high frequency of nucleotide substitutions ie point mutations Hence, an optimum dose is highly desired to produce the high frequency of mutations with minimum killing of treated individuals Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to determine the LD50 of EMS and effect of different dosages of EMS on seed germination of two Indian mustard varieties (viz RH-749 and NRCHB-101) and one of its important wild relative Sinapis alba Results revealed the significant effects of EMS dosages and treatment periods on seed germination The EMS doses (LD50) at 042%, 073% and 03% for duration of 12 h were found to be optimum for Indian mustard varieties (RH-749, NRCDR-101) and S alba respectively The LD50 of EMS for Brassica juncea was higher than the S alba and it also varied for two varieties of B juncea This information would be highly useful for initiating mutation breeding programme in rapeseed-mustard crops

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Apr 2020
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ar, C and Ne ion beam radiation are all effective for mutation induction in rice and has revealed at the genome level the characteristics of the mutations induced by the three ion beams.
Abstract: High-energy ion beams are known to be an effective and unique type of physical mutagen in plants. However, no study on the mutagenic effect of argon (Ar) ion beam radiation on rice has been reported. Genome-wide studies on induced mutations are important to comprehend their characteristics for establishing knowledge-based protocols for mutation induction and breeding, which are still very limited in rice. The present study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of three ion beams, i.e., Ar, carbon (C) and neon (Ne) on rice and identify and characterize heritable induced mutations by the whole genome sequencing of six M4 plants. Dose-dependent damage effects were observed on M1 plants, which were developed from ion beam irradiated dry seeds of two indica (LH15, T23) and two japonica (DS551, DS48) rice lines. High frequencies of chlorophyll-deficient seedlings and male-sterile plants were observed in all M2 populations (up to ~30% on M1 plant basis); plants from the seeds of different panicles of a common M1 plant appeared to have different mutations; the whole genome-sequencing demonstrated that there were 236–453 mutations in each of the six M4 plants, including single base substitutions (SBSs) and small insertion/deletions (InDels), with the number of SBSs ~ 4–8 times greater than that of InDels; SBS and InDel mutations were distributed across different genomic regions of all 12 chromosomes, however, only a small number of mutations (0–6) were present in exonic regions that might have an impact on gene function. In summary, the present study demonstrates that Ar, C and Ne ion beam radiation are all effective for mutation induction in rice and has revealed at the genome level the characteristics of the mutations induced by the three ion beams. The findings are of importance to the efficient use of ion beam radiation for the generation and utilization of mutants in rice.

15 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: An investigation into the scope for using gamma irradiation to create genetic variation in three M2 generation Iranian rice cultivars using intron-exon splice junctions (ISJ) and analysis of morphological traits to identify mutants shows that there was enough variation to create promising mutant lines for breeding programs.
Abstract: Mutation breeding has been used to develop numerous plant varieties in recent decades. This paper describes an investigation into the scope for using gamma irradiation to create genetic variation in three M2 generation Iranian rice cultivars (Sange-tarom, Taromhashemi and Nemat), using intron-exon splice junctions (ISJ) and analysis of morphological traits to identify mutants. The M 2 genotypes were screened using 21 semi-random primers and 10 morphological traits. Of the 165 bands amplified by the semi-random primers, 67% were polymorphic. The average number of bands per primer and genotype were 12.3 and 11.0, respectively. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 250 bp to 1.8 kbp. The most informative ISJ primers were IT 31-15 and IT 35-15 . The genetic similarity between control and mutant plants ranged from 6 to 93%, 36.4 to 96.8% and 17.4 to 95% in the Nemat, Sange-tarom and Tarom-hashemi M 2 generations, respectively. Cluster analysis based on the Dice similarity coefficient using the UPGMA procedure grouped the mutant genotypes into four clusters. Morphological analyses of 97 selected genotypes with a maturation time of between 105 and 135 days and heights of 45 to 160 cm showed that there was enough variation to create promising mutant lines for breeding programs. The results obtained using the ISJ primers were consistent with those based on morphological analysis and have considerable potential for detecting mutants.

15 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202341
202244
202118
202026
201927
201830