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Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A productive yellow flowered mutant with high tropane alkaloid content was isolated in the M2 generation of gamma irradiated progenies of Hyoscyamus niger and redesignated as var.Aela, and released for commercial cultivation in India, thus signifying the efficiency of radiation breeding for crop improvement.
Abstract: A productive yellow flowered mutant with high tropane alkaloid content was isolated in the M2 generation of gamma irradiated (Co60 at 40 kr) progenies ofHyoscyamus niger. Mutant progenies, on an average, were capable of synthetising more than twice crude alkaloid (0.147% to 0.221%) in M3 through M6 generations compared to the parental control (0.065 to 0.106%). In pilot scale trial (M7), two elite lines, Y-15 and Y-17 were found to contain 0.390% and 0.318% crude drug in contrast to 0.211% in an improved inbred used as control. However, owing to conducive plant morphology, Y-17 registered high yield of dry biomass, hence gave more than double yield of crude drug than the improved control (inbred) (23 kg/ha against 11 kg/ha). Also being superior in hyoscyamine and hyoscine yields, it was redesignated as var.Aela, and released for commercial cultivation in India, thus signifying the efficiency of radiation breeding for crop improvement.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The level of the genetic diversity in the population of mutant inbreds with improved agronomic characteristics was higher than that of classical inbreedings, indicating that chemical mutagenesis is a valuable tool for creating genetic variation in modern maize breeding programs for yield improvement and Stress tolerance.
Abstract: A breeding program, aimed at utilizing chemical mutagenesis and mutation breeding for induction of additional genetic variation in well-known elite maize (Zea mays L.) lines and hybrids, has been conducted in Bulgaria since 1973. The phenotypic variation created by chemically induced mutagenesis included important quantitative traits, such as grain yield, high protein content, reduced flowering time, changes in grain type, improved general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) as well as improved abiotic stress tolerance. Twelve mutant lines obtained by chemical mutagenesis, followed by recurrent reciprocal mutation breeding (RRMB), and their initial lines Oh43, Oh40b, C103, B37, and a Pioneer brand hybrid 3737, were assessed for the induced genetic variability using 18 SSR markers. The mutant inbred lines, chosen because of their improved GCA and SCA for grain yield and proven predominance in Bulgarian breeding programs, showed shifts in their flowering time as compared with the initial inb...

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel, simple and effective two-step screening method for isolating shade tolerant mutants of perennial ryegrass by first screening for dominant dwarf mutants, and then screening dwarf plants for shade tolerance is described.
Abstract: When subjected to shade, plants undergo rapid shoot elongation, which often makes them more prone to disease and mechanical damage. Shade-tolerant plants can be difficult to breed; however, they offer a substantial benefit over other varieties in low-light areas. Although perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular species of turf grasses because of their good appearance and fast establishment, the plant normally does not perform well under shade conditions. It has been reported that, in turfgrass, induced dwarfism can enhance shade tolerance. Here we describe a two-step procedure for isolating shade tolerant mutants of perennial ryegrass by first screening for dominant dwarf mutants, and then screening dwarf plants for shade tolerance. The two-step screening process to isolate shade tolerant mutants can be done efficiently with limited space at early seedling stages, which enables quick and efficient isolation of shade tolerant mutants, and thus facilitates development of shade tolerant new cultivars of turfgrasses. Using the method, we isolated 136 dwarf mutants from 300,000 mutagenized seeds, with 65 being shade tolerant (0.022%). When screened directly for shade tolerance, we recovered only four mutants from a population of 150,000 (0.003%) mutagenized seeds. One shade tolerant mutant, shadow-1, was characterized in detail. In addition to dwarfism, shadow-1 and its sexual progeny displayed high degrees of tolerance to both natural and artificial shade. We showed that endogenous gibberellin (GA) content in shadow-1 was higher than wild-type controls, and shadow-1 was also partially GA insensitive. Our novel, simple and effective two-step screening method should be applicable to breeding shade tolerant cultivars of turfgrasses, ground covers, and other economically important crop plants that can be used under canopies of existing vegetation to increase productivity per unit area of land.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1971

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a population of more than 30,000 in-vitro plantlets of taro has been reached and used to optimize screening protocols for disease resistance against Phytophthora colocasiae.
Abstract: Mutation breeding has been applied for many years for the improvement of crops. According to the FAO/IAEA mutant variety database, there are at least 2300 mutant varieties released officially worldwide. Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is vegetatively propagated, hence induced mutations offer the best way to induce variability in breeding program. In-vitro culture technique has also been applied to recover mutated cells through repeated in- vitro multiplication and to accelerate the breeding time. In the in-vitro culture media test, Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with Indole –3-acetic acid (10 mgL -1 ) was found optimum for initiation and growing of taro. Benzylaminopurine (2 mgL -1 ) or Thidiazuron (0.9 mgL -1 ) was found optimum for multiplication of taro. In the radiosensitivity test, shoot tips were irradiated from 0 to 60 grays of a 135 Co gamma irradiation source and cultured on MS Medium supplemented, with 10 mgl -1 Indole –3-acetic acid. The effective mutation dose (LD 30 ) that causes 30% reduction in growth was found to be 7.65 grays. 300 shoot tips were irradiated with 7.65 grays and multiplied for four generations. A population of more than 30,000 in-vitro plantlets of taro has been reached. A low-cost alternative substrate (60% composted scum + 40% fly ash) for hardening of tissue-cultured plantlets of taro was identified. 3500 plantlets were already hardened and used to optimize screening protocols for disease resistance against Phytophthora colocasiae. Key words : taro, mutation breeding, in-vitro culture, Phytophthora Leaf Blight resistance.

11 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202341
202244
202118
202026
201927
201830