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Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.


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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The present study on the Vicia faba L. var.
Abstract: Mutagens typically physical (ionising radiations, e.g. particulate (α-ray, β-ray and thermal neutrons) and non-particulate (X-ray and ɣ ray); non-ionising radiation, e.g. UV ray) and chemical (EMS, dES, NMG, MMS, EO, hydroxyl amine, nitrous acid, 5-bromouracil, 2-aminopurine and ethidium bromide, among others) are widely used in plant species of interest with an objective to create genetic variations by widening the gene pool and to induce gene mutation of commercial importance (superior qualitative trait(s) and enhancement in raw and value-added product(s)). Gene mutation is of global significance, and successful mutagenesis experiment depends on the sensitivity of the genotype(s) to the administered doses of the mutagen(s) employed. Assessment of LD50, lethality, injury, mitotic and meiotic aberration frequency (key components to determine sensitivity of a species) is prerequisite for determining sublethal doses for monitoring successful mutation breeding experiments. The chapter gives a comparative observation of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma irradiation on cytological and developmental parameters, i.e. meiotic features, pollen sterility, seed germination and seedling survival in Vicia faba L. The present study on the Vicia faba L. var. minor and major in M1 generation showed that all the mutagens used elicit numerous chromosomal aberrations in meiosis and decrease in seed germination, pollen fertility and seedling survival. The combined treatments induced more chromosomal aberrations than the individual doses of mutagens which represents that combined treatments could be more effective in creating more favourable variability than individual doses in both the varieties, i.e. minor and major of Vicia faba L.

10 citations

Patent
07 Feb 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a wheat genotype 'RRR Scarlet' ('Scarlet-Rz1'), plants and seeds thereof, methods for producing a plant comprising crossing 'Scarlet Rz1' plants with another wheat plant, hybrid wheat seeds and plants produced by crossing "Scarlet rz1"plants with another line or plant.
Abstract: Particular aspects provide novel mutant plants and plant parts thereof, derived via mutagenesis, having disease resistance and other useful traits. Particular embodiments provide a wheat genotype 'RRR Scarlet' ('Scarlet-Rz1'), plants and seeds thereof, methods for producing a plant comprising crossing 'Scarlet-Rz1' plants with another wheat plant, hybrid wheat seeds and plants produced by crossing 'Scarlet-Rz1'plants with another line or plant, and creation of variants by mutagenesis or transformation of 'Scarlet-Rz1'. Additional aspects provide methods for producing other varieties or breeding lines derived from 'Scarlet-Rz1' and to varieties or breeding lines produced thereby. Further aspects provide for mutant plants and plant parts thereof that are resistant and/or tolerant to plant root fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Additional embodiments provide mutant plants and plant parts thereof that exhibit stress tolerance and/or resistance. Yet further aspects provide mutant plants and plant parts thereof that are drought resistant or tolerant.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation and the mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation.
Abstract: Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut ( Arachis hypogia ) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD 50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results in the present study showed the efficiency of EMS to induce in vitro mutation of Saintpaulia and the method can be used in the future to assist breeding in this popular ornamental plant.
Abstract: This study has been performed to investigate the efficiency of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) to induce mutations in Saintpaulia. In vitro leaf sections of Saintpaulia cv. Crystobal were exposed to various EMS treatments at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% for 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after which adventitious shoots were recovered from the treated explants. Shoots producing at least six leaves were induced to root and the resulting plantlets were transplanted to soil. A total of 1838 plantlets was grown to flowering stage and 10 mutants were identified. Four of the mutants were variegated leaf chimeras and the remaining six presented variations at the level of flower color and/or fringe. Results in the present study showed the efficiency of EMS to induce in vitro mutation of Saintpaulia and the method can be used in the future to assist breeding in this popular ornamental plant. Saintpaulia (family Gesneriaceae), commonly known as African Violet, is a popular houseplant as a result of its compact size, tolerance of shaded conditions, ease of vegetative propagation, and potential to flower year round. To date 20,000 varieties have been produced globally by conventional hybridization techniques and spontaneous mutation, and annually, several hundred new cultivars are released (Ghisleni and Martinetti, 1995). The breeding of Sainpaulia is nevertheless hampered by the low number of wild species available for crosses and the low spontaneous mutation frequencies. For commercial floriculture, development of new and improved varieties is important because it will keep up the interest of the consumers. Today, biotechnological approaches (e.g., mutation breeding, genetic transformation) have proved to be a powerful tool to complement the traditional breeding works in many ornamental species. Mutation breeding has become increasingly popular in recent times as an effective tool for crop improvement, and more than 2250 mutant cultivars have been released worldwide (Ahloowalia et al., 2004). Artificial mutation induction can be carried out using physical and chemical mutagens and mutation induction with radiation was the most frequently used method to develop direct mutant varieties (Ahloowalia et al., 2004). Several reports on the induced mutation of Saintpaulia using physical mutagens such as ion beam, x-ray, and gamma ray were published in the past (Leenhoots et al., 1982; Wongpiyasatid et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2006). In these works, although variants were observed in the regenerated shoot population, the procedure required expensive units to operate, which is out of scope for most research and commercial laboratories. Chemical mutagens could be successfully applied to induce mutations where no irradiation facility is available. In some cases, the efficiency of chemical mutagens has proved to be greater than those of physical mutagens (Jacobs, 2005; Rego and Faria, 2001). Among the chemical mutagens, EMS is considered very effective and its effectiveness has largely been demonstrated in cereal crops such as rice (Bhan and Kaul, 2003), wheat (Bozzini and Mugnozza, 2003), and barley (Nicoloff, 2003) as well as in Arabidopsis thaliana (Jacobs, 2005). Recently, this mutagen has also been used to treat seeds and in vitro propagules of many species (Basu et al., 2008; Latado et al., 2004; Luan et al., 2007). To our knowledge, there is no report so far on the EMS use in Saintpaulia; it is therefore our objective to study the possibility of using this mutagen to induce mutations in in vitro-grown Saintpaulia. Materials and Methods Saintpaulia cv. Crystobal is a standardsized cultivar with a rosette growth habit. Its flowers are double ( 3 to 4 cm in diameter), magenta in color, and present a white fringe around the lobes. The leaves are plain green. This cultivar is fast-growing, moderately tolerant to heat so it is popularly sold in warm climate countries such as Taiwan. For the initiation of aseptic culture, young expanding leaves were dissected and washed under running tap water for 5 min to remove superficial dirt. They were then washed with a detergent solution (consisting of one drop of household detergent in 100 mL of water) for 10 min. After several rinses with tap water, the leaves were transferred inside a laminar flow cabinet. Surface sterilization of the leaves was carried out with 70% ethanol for 1 min followed by 0.5% sodium hypochlorite disinfection for 10 min; a few drops of Tween-20 were added as a surfactant. Both steps were conducted on an orbital shaker set at 150 rpm. The leaves were finally rinsed three to four times with sterile distilled water to remove traces of sodium hypochlorite. Sterilized leaves were cut into 0.5 cm · 0.5cm sections and each section was placed, with its abaxial side touching the medium, in a test tube containing 15 mL of the African Violet Multiplication (AVM) medium. The AVM medium consisted of full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) salts and vitamins, 30 g L sucrose, 0.5 mg L benzyl adenine, 0.1 mg L a-naphtaleneacetic acid, and 7 g L agar. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.7 before sterilization in an autoclave at 121 C, 15 psi for 15 min. The explants were maintained on AVM medium for a total duration of 8 weeks. Induced adventitious shoots were transferred into 175-mL glass jars containing 60 mL of MS medium devoid of growth regulators for further shoot development. Two months later, leaves were excised from the grown up shoots and cut into 0.5 cm · 0.5-cm sections again and thus initiating a new multiplication cycle. The shoots obtained after several multiplication cycles were then used for the mutation experiment. EMS is a potential carcinogen so its preparation and handling were conducted inside a chemical fume hood. A 1% stock solution of EMS was first prepared using distilled water. This stock solution was then used to prepare 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% EMS solutions using 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The various EMS solutions were filter-sterilized (through a 0.2-mm membrane) before use. Leaf sections measuring 0.4 cm · 0.4 cm were immersed in 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% EMS solutions for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min with constant swirling throughout the treatment. After the treatments, the explants were rinsed three times with sterile distilled water and blotted dried on a sterile filter paper. They were plated on AVM medium for shoot regeneration. The frequency of explant survival was recorded at Week 4 and the frequency of explants producing shoots was observed at both Weeks 4 and 8 after EMS application. Explants were considered alive if they Received for publication 14 Apr. 2011. Accepted for publication 30 May 2011. To whom reprint requests should be addressed; e-mail jyfang@mail.npust.edu.tw. HORTSCIENCE VOL. 46(7) JULY 2011 981 exhibited any kind of growth. The EMS experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. There were 20 leaf explants per treatment and the experiment was conducted twice. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (Version 9.0; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) and treatment means were ranked according to Duncan’s multiple range test and difference tested at 5% probability. By the end of the eighth week, regenerated shoots were transferred onto plant growth regulator-free MS medium and the subculture was conducted every 30 d. Two months later, the in vitro plantlets were acclimatized and grown in a pre-sterilized substrate composed of peat, vermiculite, and perlite at a ratio of 1:1:1. Selection of mutants was conducted at the flowering stage of the plants. All the cultures (i.e., in vitro and acclimatized plantlets) were maintained at 25 ± 2 C with a 16-h photoperiod provided by 40 mmol m s L cool white fluorescent lamps.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Koshihikari is the second leading variety and produces the best brand rice in Japan, but its lodging tolerance is worse than other varieties, so promissing mutants with short, stiff straw and good eating quality were selected.
Abstract: Koshihikari is the second leading variety and produces the best brand rice in Japan, but its lodging tolerance is worse. Using gamma-ray irradiation, promissing mutants with short, stiff straw and good eating quality were selected.

10 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202341
202244
202118
202026
201927
201830