Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Induction of mutants in durum wheat (triticum durum desf cv. samra) using gamma irradiation

Abstract: A mutation breeding program was initiated in 2008 emphasizing the main constraints for sustainable production of durum wheat in Saudi Arabia. The aim of the program was to develop moderate or high yielding semi-dwarf/lodging tolerant, early maturing mutants with drought and disease tolerance from a local durum wheat cultivar (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Samra) which has the main defects of longer crop duration, lodging habit and low grain yield. Dry seeds of Samra were subjected to 150 and 200Gy doses of gamma irradiation and each treatment consisted of 2500 seeds. Irradiated seeds were grown as M1 population along with parental variety as control at Almuzahmiah Research Station of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Decrease in germination (%) and survival rate (%) of plants was observed. A wide variation in days to flowering and plant height was found in the M1 populations. Three seeds from each spike per plant of M1 plants were collected, bulked dose wise and grown separately as M2 in 2009 growing season. From these M2, 17 desirable putative mutant plants which varied significantly with the mother were visually selected. These putative mutants were found to be semi-dwarf and early maturing in nature with other improved agronomic traits including lodging reaction and grain yield. The selected plants, when grown in progeny lines as M3 in 2010, more or less maintained their superiority over the mother for many traits. Most of the mutant lines showed homogeneity for most of characters studied. Eleven of these 17 lines were found to be promising in respect of days to flower, plant height (for semi-dwarf) and other traits including grain yield.

Characteristics of Ion Beams as Mutagens for Mutation Breeding in Rice and Chrysanthemums

Abstract: Mutation breeding is a useful method to improve crops. More than 20 years have passed since mutation breeding with ion beams started in Japan, since which time many mutant varieties have been produced with ion beams. However, ion beams have not been sufficiently characterized in terms of mutagens for plant mutation breeding. This review introduces the characteristics of ion beams as mutagens for mutation breeding; investigated with three objectives: to obtain useful mutants with limited plant damage by irradiation treatment, the width of the mutated sector produced by irradiation, and the mutation spectrum, compared to gamma rays using rice and chrysanthemums. In addition, the optimum dose of ion beams and the criteria for an optimum irradiation dose are shown, based on which the irradiation treatment for the success of mutation breeding with ion beams is also described.

Gamma irradiation influences on some biological traits in two almond (Prunus amygdalus, L) cultivars

Abstract: Mutation by ionizing radiations such as gamma-rays is being employed as one of the mutation breeding approaches to obtain the desirable mutant cultivars and genotypes in plants. Almond cultivars 'A200' and 'Sahand' are self-incompatible following pollination and fertilization problems. Therefore, obtaining their late-flowering and self-fertile mutants with good biological traits, by means of mutation, will be very bounteous for breeders and producers. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different exposition times to gamma-radiation on some biological traits of two late-blooming cultivars ‘A200’ and ‘Sahand’. Current shoots of 'A200' and 'Sahand' were exposed to 36 µC gamma-radiation for 0, 5, 10, 30 and 150 min from the Cobalt 60. The factorial experiment was carried out on 4-year old irradiated trees based on completely-randomized design (CRD) and some biological traits such as: resistance to diseases agents, partial fungus and pests (aphid, mite, etc.), blooming date, leaf bud break date, bearing type, leaf area (LA) and flower density were investigated in all irradiated plants. Results showed that long exposition times have significant positive effects on resistance to disease agents such as: "polystigma occharaceum", mite, LA and flower density, but did not have significant effect on bearing type, resistance to aphids, blooming and leaf bud break dates in spring. Effects of cultivars were significant on resistance to pests (aphid, mite and other main destructive pests) and diseases agents and bearing type, while no significance was seen on blooming, leaf bud break dates, LA and flower density. Interaction effect between cultivars and exposition time was significant on resistance to diseases, mite and flowering date, but was not significant on LA, flower density, resistance to aphid and leaf bud break date. However, the maximum resistance to diseases agents, aphid and mite was observed in plants irradiated 150 min in both cultivars. Key words: Almond, breeding, mutants, gamma-irradiation, biological traits.

Induced mutations in horsegram: mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness.

Abstract: Mutation breeding is one of the most reliable techniques in improving crop plants Physical and chemical mutagens are used to bring the variability Among chemical mutagens, to identify the efficient mutagen that can bring broad spectrum of variability, it is therefore necessary to study the efficiency and effectiveness of various mutagens In present study, two varieties of horsegram, viz, SINA (K-42) and KS-2 were treated with three concentrations of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), N- nitroso N- ethyl urea (NEU) and sodium azide (SA) Identification of effective mutagen could be possible by studying different parameters In M2 generation studies were made o n the mutagenic efficiency, mutagenic effectiveness and mutagenic rate In the present study, the results revealed that efficiency of mutagens was variable, sodium azide was most effective mutagen and showed highest mutagenic rate Keywords : Sodium azide, Mutation, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Mutagenic rate