Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Starch accumulation in the microspores of a solanum species and possible implications in mutation breeding

Abstract: Waxy-like microspores have been observed during the specific period of starch accumulation in developing buds ofSolanum verrucosum. It is considered that appropriate mutagenic treatment of meiotic buds might perhaps increase the frequency of these waxy-like microspores to such a high proportion that the mutation could be transmitted to the next generation. Should such be the case it would become possible to test the double hypothesis that the waxy-like mutants are really amylose-free and that the waxy character can also express itself in the tubers.

A revision of mutation breeding procedures in arabidopsis based on a fresh analysis of the mutant sector problem

Abstract: The M2 progeny of a small number of mutagen-treated seeds (0.5% diethyl sulfate in water for 1 hr at 30 °C.) were examined in detail in petriplate culture to clarify the relationship of the morphogenesis of the inflorescence to the production of mutants for selection. All detected mutant individuals were cultured to maturity on minimal medium and re-examined in the M3 generation. The data showed that the incidence of mutational events was predicted by a Poisson distribution calculated on the basis of 0.78 mutations per M1 plant. Sector size was calculated on the basis of the frequency of mutant seedlings derived from the self-pollinated flowers, and was estimated as 87% of the tissue of a flower, and as 12% of the tissue of an inflorescence. This corresponded to 8.52 sectors per inflorescence, and therefore to eight or nine cells in the multicellular embryo of the treated seed. One hundred and seventeen viable mutants were detected in this work, although forty of them were sterile. Fifty-two mutations aff...

Genotype-by-Sequencing Analysis of Mutations and Recombination in Pepper Progeny of Gamma-Irradiated Gametophytes.

Abstract: The irradiation of dry seeds is the most widely-used irradiation method for improving seed-propagated crops; however, the irradiation of other tissues also has useful effects. The irradiation of plant reproductive organs, rather than seeds, for mutation breeding has advantages, such as producing non-chimeric progeny. However, the mutation frequency and spectrum produced using this method have not been analyzed on a genome-wide level. We performed a genotype-by-sequencing analysis to determine the frequencies of single-base substitutions and small (1-2 bp) insertions and deletions in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants derived from crosses using gamma-irradiated female or male gametophytes. The progeny of irradiated gametophytes showed similar or higher DNA mutation frequencies, which were dependent on the irradiation dose and irradiated tissue, and less biased single base substitutions than progeny of irradiated seeds. These characteristics were expected to be beneficial for development of mutation population with a high frequency of small DNA mutations and performing reverse-genetics-based mutation screening. We also examined the possible use of this irradiation method in manipulating the meiotic recombination frequency; however, no statistically significant increase was detected. Our results provide useful information for further research and breeding using irradiated gametophytes.

Breeding High Producers of Enduracidin from Streptomyces fungicidicus by Combination of Various Mutation Treatments

Abstract: Enduracidin is a kind of lipodepsipeptides and composed by a 17 amino acid residual conjugated with a fatty acid strain. It is used as a feed additive approved by EU because of its high safety, low toxicity, low-residue, and activity against a wide variety of Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we combined a physical mutagenesis of 137Cs γ-irradiation with the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) biological breeding system to improve enduracidin productivity in the industrial Streptomyces. The mutation rates of spores treated by ARTP for 1 min and by 137Cs γ-irradiation for 500 Gy dosages were 26.51 and 19.41 %, respectively. An optimal process for breeding by the combination was proposed. Through the high throughout screening method, the mutant Streptomyces fungicidicus S-224 was obtained, and its enduracidin yield reached to 1.58 g/L that was 1.65-fold to the original strain. The mutation breeding combined ARTP with 137Cs γ rays was the first trial and provided an alternative method for industrial strains improvement.

Integration of Mutation and Conventional Breeding Approaches to Develop New Superior Drought-tolerant Plants in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Abstract: Present study was carried out to investigate the possibility of developing new superior drought-tolerant plants in rice by mutation breeding. Major regions of rice cultivation especially in Iran and Asia are affected continuously by drought stress especially at the end of flowering stage. To identify resistant plants, water stress was imposed on mutant rice plants in the field in flowering stage. In total, 23 tolerant mutant plants under drought stress were obtained after three generations of selection on mutants. Only 17 M4 lines had high yield and were selected as resistant. Also, morphological parameter evaluations of 29 mutant lines grown under natural conditions indicated that 14 lines were early flowering by 7 days or more and the height of 8 mutant lines had been decreased by 30 cm or more than control. Also, 11 lines had yields of more than 5000 Kg/ hectare. On obtained results of phenotypic evaluations of mutant plants under drought stress and normal conditions, 11 lines were selected for descent test and yield experiments in several regions and years. Original Research Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(7): 1173-1186, 2014 1174