Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Ultraviolet mutation breeding and acclimatization method of salt-resisting domestic fungus

Abstract: The invention discloses an ultraviolet mutation breeding and acclimatization method of a salt-resisting domestic fungus. According to the invention, initial domestic fungus strains are activated and are subject to mycelium ultraviolet mutation; salt-resisting stains are subject to primary screening, acclimatization and secondary screening by using salt-containing selective culture media, such that the salt-resisting stain is obtained. The method is suitable to be used in salt-resisting stain breeding and acclimatization of domestic fungus varieties such as cap fungus, shiitake fungus and Jew's ear. The method is advantaged in that: the high-salt-resisting mutation strain is obtained with the mycelium ultraviolet mutation and acclimatization method, such that a novel approach of salt-resisting cap fungus breeding is developed. The operation processes are simple, a small amount of equipment is required, the cost is low, such that the domestic fungus breeding method is easy to popularize. A mutation period is short, a forward mutation rate is improved, and an effect is substantial. The obtained strain has a salt-resisting capacity of 2%, stable hereditary characters, and excellent agronomic characters. When the method is used in the productions in saline alkali lands, the quality of cap fungus fruiting bodies is improved; and a fresh-to-dry weight ratio and a storing tolerance are improved by more than 50%. Therefore, the quality of cap fungus is effectively improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefits are substantially improved.

Optimization of Mutant Recovery from plants obtained from gamma-radiated seeds of winged bean ( Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC)

Abstract: Dry seeds of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) cvs UPS 122 and Kade 6/16 were treated with acute radiation doses of 150 Gy and 250 Gy at a dose rate of 737.32 Gy/hr from a Cobalt-60 gamma source for studies in optimisation of mutant selection in M2 and M3 populations. Mature dry pods were harvested at four different locations on each M1 plant viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 metres from the ground. M2 seedlings we-re screened for different groups of chlorophyll deficiencies and their frequencies. Reduction in chlorophyll mutation frequency from the first formed seeds to the latest ones within the M1 pods has been observed for both cultivars studied. The high degree of chimerism recorded in the M2 seedlings present in the first-formed seeds in the M1 pods provides a clear indication that these seeds constitute a zone from which seeds for the M2 generation have to be harvested in order to give the highest probability for obtaining different types of mutants. On the other hand, significant differences in mutation frequency were not obtained in M2 seedlings from pods harvested at the various positions on the M1 plants. M1 pods can be harvested at any height on the M1 plant, but it is preferable to use the earliest mature ones to save time and labour. The zones identified on M1 plants in this investigation coupled with the use of the "spare" or "remnant" seed selection method, should provide an improved method for mutation breeding in a viny legume like the winged bean. Journal of Applied Science and Technology (JAST) , Vol. 5, Nos. 1 & 2, 2000, pp. 56 - 62

Genetic variation in quantitative traits of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) induced by gamma rays treatment in M3 generation

Abstract: Black gram is an important pulse crop occupying unique position in Indian agriculture The major constraints in achieving higher yield of black gram are absence of suitable ideotypes for different cropping systems, poor harvest index and susceptibility to diseases Research on this species is lagging behind than that of cereals and other legumes In order to improve yield and other polygenic characters, mutation breeding can be effectively utilized However, Mutation induction has become an establishment tool in plant breeding to supplement existing germplasm and to improve cultivars in certain specific traits In the present investigation, the attempt was made to improve some of the quantitative traits of black gram by using gamma ray irradiation The study revealed that gamma irradiation induces and enhance the quantitative traits at 60 kR that evident to improving of black gram with genetic variation