Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis

Abstract: Mutation breeding offers a simple, fast and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The present study deployed radiation (gamma rays @ 300Gy)-induced mutation breeding for the improvement and revival of three traditional rice landraces, viz., Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli. Among the various putative mutants identified in the M2 generation, only three, ten and five rice mutants of Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli, respectively, were advanced to the M4, M5 and M6 generations, along with their parents and three checks for evaluations based on 13 agro-morphological and 16 grain quality traits. Interestingly, all the mutants of the three landraces showed a reduction in days to 50% flowering and plant height as compared to their parents in all the three generations. The reduction in days to 50% flowering ranges from 4.94% (Vishnubhog Mutant V-67) to 21.40% (Jhilli Mutant J-2-13), whereas the reduction in plant height varies from 11.28% (Vishnubhog Mutant V-45-2, Vishnubhog Mutant V-67) to 37.65% (Jhilli Mutant J-15-1). Furthermore, two, six and three mutants of Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli have increased their yield potential over their corresponding parents, respectively. Interestingly, Samundchini Mutant S-18-1 (22.45%), Vishnubhog Mutant V-74-6 (36.87%) and Jhilli Mutant J-13-5 (25.96%) showed the highest yield advantages over their parents. Further, a pooled analysis of variance based on a randomized complete block design revealed ample variations among the genotypes for the studied traits. In addition, all the traits consistently showed high to moderate PCV and GCV and a slight difference between them in all three generations indicated the negligible effect of the environment. Moreover, in the association analysis, the traits, viz., fertile spikelets/panicle, panicle length, total tillers/plant, spikelet fertility percent and 100-seed weight showed the usual grain yield/plant, whereas the traits hulling (%) and milling (%) with HRR (%) consistently showed high direct effects and significant positive correlations. The SSR marker-based genome similarity in rice mutants and corresponding parents ranged from 95.60% to 71.70% (Vishnubhog); 95.62% to 89.10% (Samundchini) and 95.62% to 80.40% (Jhilli), indicating the trueness of the mutants. Moreover, the UPGMA algorithm and Gower distance-based dendrogram, neighbour joining tree and PCA scatter diagram assured that mutants were grouped with their respective parents and fell into separate clusters showing high similarity between mutants and parents and dissimilarity among the 24 genotypes. Overall, the information and materials generated from the current study will be very useful and informative for students, researchers and plant breeders. Additionally, our results also showed that irradiation could generate a considerable amount of genetic variability and provide new avenues for crop improvement and diversification.

Mutation breeding of Termitomyces albuminosus producing anti-coagulation protein TA-P

Abstract: The fungus,Termitomyces albuminosus TA-SD could produce anti-coagulation protein TA-P.In order to screening the mutants with higher activities,the mutation breeding of the strain TA-SD was carried out by ultraviolet mutagenesis.When the time of ultraviolet radiation was 40 seconds,the most positive mutation rate and anti-coagulation activity were reached,and it was 33.3% and 104.7% respectively.Both the positive mutation rate and anti-coagulation activity in the N-type mutants and cycloheximide-resistant mutants were higher than it in the S-type mutants and non-cycloheximide-resistant mutants.After screening the mutant SD-A-8 was obtained and its anti-coagulation activity was 2.3 times higher than the initial strain.The mutant was stable after the transfer of culture.

In Vitro Mutation Induction of

Abstract: This study has been performed to investigate the efficiency of the chemical mutagenethylmethanesulphonate(EMS)toinducemutationsinSaintpaulia.Invitroleaf sections of Saintpaulia cv. Crystobal were exposed to various EMS treatments at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% for 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after which adventitious shoots were recovered from the treated explants. Shoots producing at least six leaves were induced to root and the resulting plantlets were transplanted to soil. A total of 1838 plantlets was grown to flowering stage and 10 mutants were identified. Four of the mutants were variegated leaf chimeras and the remaining six presented variations at the level of flower colorand/orfringe.ResultsinthepresentstudyshowedtheefficiencyofEMStoinducein vitro mutation of Saintpaulia and the method can be used in the future to assist breeding in this popular ornamental plant. Saintpaulia (family Gesneriaceae), com- monly known as African Violet, is a popular houseplant as a result of its compact size, tolerance of shaded conditions, ease of veg- etative propagation, and potential to flower year round. To date 20,000 varieties have been produced globally by conventional hy- bridization techniques and spontaneous mu- tation, and annually, several hundred new cultivars are released (Ghisleni and Martinetti, 1995). The breeding of Sainpaulia is never- theless hampered by the low number of wild species available for crosses and the low spontaneous mutation frequencies. For com- mercial floriculture, development of new and improved varieties is important because it will keep up the interest of the consumers. Today, biotechnological approaches (e.g., mutation breeding, genetic transformation) have proved to be a powerful tool to com- plement the traditional breeding works in many ornamental species. Mutation breeding has become increas- ingly popular in recent times as an effective tool for crop improvement, and more than 2250 mutant cultivars have been released worldwide (Ahloowalia et al., 2004). Artifi- cial mutation induction can be carried out using physical and chemical mutagens and mutation induction with radiation was the most frequently used method to develop di-

Biotechnological Study of Comparative Mutagenicity on Morphological and Phenological Traits in Wild Chickpea

Abstract: The chickpea is one of important leguminous cereal crop and India, largest producer of the crop The major concern of breeding is, therefore to increase the genetic potential for yield. The genetic diversity within the genus and characterization of interspecific relationship are crucial for a better exploitation of the genetic resources available for crop improvement. Mutation induction offers the possibility to induce the desired attribute that cannot be found in nature or have been lost during the evolution The crossability barriers might be eliminated from the wild chickpea species through the mutation breeding making it suitable candidates for introgression towards the improvement programme.. The chemical and physical mutagen showed the potential to cause the mutation in the wild chickpea. The variation was observed between control and its induced mutants. The induced mutants with suitable qualitative and quantitative traits which may be utilized in to the improvement breeding programme.