Mutation breeding

About: Mutation breeding is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 531 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6730 citations. The topic is also known as: variation breeding.

Increased yield performance of mutation induced Soybean genotypes at varied agro-ecological conditions.

Abstract: In soybean breeding program, continuous selection pressure on traits response to yield created a genetic bottleneck for improvements of soybean through hybridization breeding technique. Therefore an initiative was taken to developed high yielding soybean variety applying mutation breeding techniques at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh. Locally available popular cultivar BARI Soybean-5 was used as a parent material and subjected to five different doses of Gamma ray using Co60. In respect to seed yield and yield attributing characters, twelve true breed mutants were selected from M4 generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance with high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for plant height, branch number and pod number were considered as favorable attributes for soybean improvement that ensure expected yield. The mutant SBM-18 obtained from 250Gy provided stable yield performance at diversified environments. It provided maximum seed yield of 3056 kg ha-1 with highest number of pods plant-1 (56). The National Seed Board of Bangladesh (NSB) eventually approved SBM-18 and registered it as a new soybean variety named 'Binasoybean-5' for large-scale planting because of its superior stability in various agro-ecological zones and consistent yield performance.

Comprehensive effects of heavy-ion beam irradiation on sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> [L.] Lam.)

Abstract: Sweet potato is a major root crop with nutritious tuberous roots. The mechanism of tuberous root development has not yet been adequately elucidated. Genetic resources are required to develop the molecular understanding of sweet potato. Heavy-ion beams were applied to hexaploid sweet potato for an increase in genetic variation, after which the comprehensive effects of heavy-ion beam irradiation were investigated. In vitro cultured shoots with an axillary bud of 'Beniharuka' were irradiated with Ar-ions at a dose of 1-5 Gy and C-ions at a dose of 5-20 Gy, and three irradiated lines were separated from each irradiated shoot. The shoot regeneration was inhibited at high doses of each ion irradiation. Ar-ion irradiation had an especially high biological effect on shoot regeneration. A total of 335 lines were obtained, consisting of 104 and 231 lines derived from Ar- and C-ion irradiation, respectively. The change in the DNA content of the lines was analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate the irradiation-induced damage to the DNA. The two lines demonstrated significant differences in the DNA content and changes at the chromosome level. The screening for the morphological mutants was conducted in the field. Some irradiated lines showed inhibited or no tuberous root phenotype as mutant candidates. Additionally, the high-yield mutant candidates were dominated by Ar-ion irradiation. It was indicated that heavy-ion beam mutagenesis is effective in broadening the range of the phenotypes corresponding to tuberous root formation in hexaploid sweet potato.

Comparative Study of Contemporary Mutagenic Effect on Lavender Irradiated by ~(12)C~(6+) Ions and Electron Beams

Abstract: To determine the optimal mutagenic parameters to Lavendula,the biological effects on the development of dry seeds of two Lavendula varieties(701 and 702) were comparatively studied between 100 MeV~(12)C~(6+) ion and 1.2MeV electron beam.The results showed that the germination percentage of 701 and 702increased firstly and then decreased with the dose increased by using carbon ion irradiation.However,the germination percentage of 701 and 702 decreased with the increment of radiation dosage after being irradiated by electron beam.Furthermore,the results also showed that the germination percentage of Lavendula irradiated by electron beam was lower than that of carbon ion irradiation.In addition,the length of hypocotyl,embryonic root and fresh weight of seedlings of 701 and 702 irradiated by carbon ions were superior to those of electron beam irradiation.In brief,carbon ions are more suitable for the mutation breeding of Lavendula compared to electron beams,which would contribute to obtain more novel mutants in the future.