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Mycelium
About: Mycelium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8923 publications have been published within this topic receiving 170993 citations.
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TL;DR: The extract showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of both acute and chronic inflammation and significant antitumour activity against both ascites and solid tumours, suggesting the potential therapeutic use of aqueous-ethanolic extract of morel mushroom mycelium in chemotherapy.
Abstract: Mushrooms are nutritionally functional food and a source of physiologically beneficial and non-toxic medicines. They have been used in folk medicine throughout the world since ancient times. Morchella esculenta (L) Pers. is an edible and highly priced mushroom. Commercial cultivation of this mushroom has not been successful till now and hence its mycelium is extensively used as a flavouring agent. Anti-inflammatory and antitumour activities of ethanolic extract of cultured mycelium of M. esculenta were investigated. The extract showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of both acute and chronic inflammation. The activity was comparable to that of the standard reference drug, Diclofenac. Antitumour activity of the extract was determined using both DLA cell line-induced solid tumour and EAC cell line-induced ascites tumour models in mice. The extract exhibited significant antitumour activity against both ascites and solid tumours. The finding suggests the potential therapeutic use of aqueous-ethanolic extract of morel mushroom mycelium in chemotherapy.
73 citations
TL;DR: Cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations were best at preserving fungi at room temperature (22°C), whereas all formulations provided similar preservation at 4°C, and alginate formulations prevented degradation of fungi by artificial solar radiation, whereas cornst starch-oil was less effective than pure mycelium preparations.
Abstract: Dry mycelium of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in alginate and cornstarch formulations was evaluated for survival of the formulated mycelium, conidial production on mycelium after exposure to artificial solar radiation, and infectivity to southern corn root worm adults, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Alginate formulations were prepared with 1% sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Cornstarch formulations were prepared with gelatinized cornstarch and moist mycelium from liquid culture medium. Oil was added to some starch preparations. Results showed that cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations produced more conidia per gram of incorporated mycelium than other preparations. In general, alginate formulations were less productive than pure mycelium. Cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations were best at preserving fungi at room temperature (22°C) , whereas all formulations provided similar preservation at 4°C. Alginate formulations prevented degradation of fungi by artificial solar radiation, whereas cornstarch-oil was less effective than pure mycelium preparations. Mortality to D. undecimpunctata caused by mycelium formulated into alginate and cornstarchoil preparations were comparable to that caused by pure mycelium preparations. A lag time of 3-4 d preceded disease development on test insects, because of the need for dry mycelium to produce conidia before initiating infection.
73 citations
TL;DR: Study of how activity of fungal extracellular laccase was changed across mycelia during interactions between white- and brown-rot basidiomycetes from different wood decay stages found Saprotrophic fungi from late successional stages of wood decay generally had higher lAccase activity than early succession saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi.
Abstract: Interspecific fungal interactions are important ecological processes, whereas their physiological mechanisms are little understood. The aim of this work was to study how activity of fungal extracellular laccase was changed across mycelia during interactions between white- and brown-rot basidiomycetes from different wood decay stages. Qualitative assay of eight species interacting with each other in all combinations showed four spatial patterns of laccase activity: (I) laccase activity present both in contact zone and mycelium, (II) laccase activity only in contact zone, (III) laccase activity in mycelium but not in contact zone, (IV) no laccase activity. Presence of laccase activity only in the contact zone was more frequent than expected from random samples associated with mycelia that replaced other ones. On the other hand, the presence of laccase activity in the mycelium but not in the contact zone was only attributed to fungal species that were replaced by their antagonists. After one month, laccase activity was distributed over mycelia more homogeneously than after 6 days of interactions. In interacting mycelia, laccase activity was higher than in control and increasing with time. Saprotrophic fungi from late successional stages of wood decay generally had higher laccase activity than early succession saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi. The qualitative assays were confirmed by quantitative assay of total laccase activity. Significance of the results in antagonistic fungal interactions as well as in the processes of hyphal tip growth and mycelium senescence is discussed.
73 citations
TL;DR: Results from a field study of the natural attenuation occurring in a slag heap contaminated with high available cadmium showed that spores were related to decomposing vegetal residues and excrements, which means that mesofauna is contributing to their dispersion in the groundmass.
73 citations
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for when and where net-translocation of resources takes place is outlined, finding that translocation from more or less remote parts of the mycelium enables fungi to colonise substrates with a low initial resource availability and to actively increase the resource availability in the substrates.
73 citations