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Mycelium
About: Mycelium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8923 publications have been published within this topic receiving 170993 citations.
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TL;DR: A range in weight of dry matter, carbon and nitrogen per cm3 of fresh mycelium for salt-marsh fungi is determined, using microecosystems which were rough simulations of a range of natural environments of fungi in salt marshes dominated by Spartina alterniflora Loisel.
Abstract: Direct-count analysis of fungal biomass cannot be accurate or precise without firm knowledge of values for quantity of mass per unit volume of mycelium. We have determined a range in weight of dry matter, carbon and nitrogen per cm3 of fresh mycelium for salt-marsh fungi, using microecosystems which were rough simulations of a range of natural environments of fungi in salt marshes dominated by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. We found a wide range in dry matter per cm3 of mycelium, averaging 0.2 g cm3 for a group of less dense samples, and 0.9 g cm3 for more dense samples. The high densities were associated with young mycelium of two species known to be well adapted to the salt-marsh environment. The low densities were found for old mycelium, and for young and old mycelium of a species whose degree of adaptation to the salt-marsh environment is uncertain. Nitrogen and carbon percentages of dry fungal biomass were similar to those reported by other investigators (nitrogen, -4%; carbon, -35%).
55 citations
TL;DR: Re-introduction of a functional CHS1 gene into the Deltachs1 mutant strain restored the wild-type phenotype and reveal an important in vivo role played by a CHS 1 gene in a FHB pathogen whose mycelial chitin could serve as a target for controlling the disease.
55 citations
TL;DR: With mycorrhizal fungi as a food source its population developed faster and to a greater extent than it did with saprophytic fungal species and there may be an element of substrate ingestion or grazing on fungal hyphae for some bacterial feeding nematodes.
Abstract: In laboratory experiments survival, feeding and reproduction of nematodes in cultures with mycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi were investigated. Nematodes extracted from the organic layer of a spruce forest soil were inoculated to fungal plates. The fungal feeder Aphelenchoides saprophilus was the most successful species to multiply. With mycorrhizal fungi as a food source its population developed faster and to a greater extent than it did with saprophytic fungal species. The grazing of A. saprophilus reduced mycelial weight and fungal growth rate. Similar effects are likely to occur in the field, and can influence mycorrhizal development or affect competition between soil fungi. Besides A. saprophilus, the saprophagous nematode Acrobeloides nanus reproduced well in cultures with mycorrhizal fungi. There may be an element of substrate ingestion or grazing on fungal hyphae for some bacterial feeding nematodes.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a total of 52 actinomycetes were isolated from agricultural soil samples in Beni-Suef, Egypt and all isolates were characterized based on colony morphology, mycelium coloration, and pigment diffusion.
Abstract: The occurrence of extensive antibiotics resistant bacteria increased the demands for mining out new sources of antimicrobial agents. Actinomycetes, especially Streptomyces sp. have grasped considerable attention worldwide due to production of many useful bioactive metabolites. In the present study, a total of 52 actinomycetes were isolated from agricultural soil samples in Beni-Suef, Egypt. All isolates were characterized based on colony morphology, mycelium coloration, and pigment diffusion. They were screened for their capabilities to show antimicrobial activities against different indicator microorganisms, and only 20 isolates have shown significant antimicrobial activities against at least one of the tested indicator microorganisms. The isolate AGM12-1 was active against all tested microorganisms and showed a marked antitumor activity with IC50 3.3 and 1.1μg/ml against HCT-116 and HepG-2 cell lines respectively. It was genotypically characterized as Streptomyces sp. with the presence of PKS Π biosynthetic gene cluster. Mannitol, ammonium sulfate, pH 7, 2% inoculum size and incubation for 11 days at 30 °C were the optimum conditions that used to maximize the production and hence allowed purification of one active antimicrobial compound to homogeneity using HPLC with a molecular mass of m/z 488.05. NMR structural elucidation showed that this compound was a diketopiperazine derivative.
55 citations
TL;DR: Trace elements were required by Aspergillus melleus and A. ochraceus, but not by A. sulphureus, to grow and to elaborate ochratoxin A. arsenic, but the composition of the medium affected the synthesis of the toxin more than the growth of the mycelium.
Abstract: Trace elements were required by Aspergillus melleus and A. ochraceus, but not by A. sulphureus, to grow and to elaborate ochratoxin A. The composition of the medium affected the synthesis of the toxin more than the growth of the mycelium.
55 citations