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Mycelium

About: Mycelium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8923 publications have been published within this topic receiving 170993 citations.


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TL;DR: Measurement of WCFAs in soil is a useful research tool for providing information in the characterization of soil microflora, indicating that the measurement of AMF mycelium were not distorted by erroneous involvement of hyphae of saprotrophs.
Abstract: Effects of long-term mineral fertilization and manuring on the biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were studied in a field experiment. Mineral fertilization reduced the growth of AMF, as estimated using both measurements of hyphal length and the signature fatty acid 16:1ω5, whereas manuring alone increased the growth of AMF. The results of AMF root colonization followed the same pattern as AMF hyphal length in soil samples, but not AMF spore densities, which increased with increasing mineral and organic fertilization. AMF spore counts and concentration of 16:1ω5 in soil did not correlate positively, suggesting that a significant portion of spores found in soil samples was dead. AMF hyphal length was not correlated with whole cell fatty acid (WCFA) 18:2ω6,9 levels, a biomarker of saprotrophic fungi, indicating that visual measurements of the AMF mycelium were not distorted by erroneous involvement of hyphae of saprotrophs. Our observations indicate that the measurement of WCFAs in soil is a useful research tool for providing information in the characterization of soil microflora.

182 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fifty mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor, having white instead of the wild-type grey colonies, were examined microscopically and genetically, finding close linked mutations possessed similar aerial mycelium structure, with few exceptions.
Abstract: SUMMARY: Fifty whi mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor, having white instead of the wild-type grey colonies, were examined microscopically and genetically. The aerial mycelium structure of the mutants was broadly classified into six types, ranging from the complete absence of any stage of sporulation to the presence of apparently normal spores. Eight map locations were discovered for whi genes, all in previously well-marked regions of the map. Closely linked mutations possessed similar aerial mycelium structure, with few exceptions.

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The morphogenesis and cytological characteristics of ‘branched absorbing structures’ (BAS, formely named arbuscule-like structures, ALS), small groups of dichotomous hyphae formed by the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are described.
Abstract: The present work describes the morphogenesis and cytological characteristics of ‘branched absorbing structures’ (BAS, formely named arbuscule-like structures, ALS), small groups of dichotomous hyphae formed by the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Monoxenic cultures of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices Smith & Schenck and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) roots allowed the continuous, non-destructive study of BAS development. These structures were not observed in axenic cultures of the fungus under different nutritional conditions or in unsuccessful (asymbiotic) monoxenic cultures. However, extraradical mycelium of G. intraradices formed BAS immediately after fungal penetration of the host root and establishment of the symbiosis. The average BAS development time was 7 d under our culture conditions, after which they degenerated, becoming empty septate structures. Certain BAS were closely associated with spore formation, appearing at the spore's substending hypha. Branches of these spore-associated BAS (spore-BAS) usually formed spores. Electron microscopy studies revealed that BAS and arbuscules show several ultrastructural similarities. The possible role of BAS in nutrient uptake by the mycorrhizal plant is discussed.

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the successful isolation and preliminary characterisation of a mutant of tomato with highly reduced vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal colonization.
Abstract: Summary This paper reports the successful isolation and preliminary characterisation of a mutant ofLycopersicon esculentumMill. with highly reduced vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal colonization. The mutation is recessive and has been designatedrmc. Colonization byG. mosseaeis characterised by poor development of external mycelium and a few abnormal appressoria. Vesicles were never formed by this fungus in association with the mutant.Gi. margaritaformed large amounts of external mycelium, complex branched structures and occasional auxiliary cells. Small amounts of internal colonization also occurred. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) gave a clear picture of the differences in development ofG. intraradicesandGi. margaritain mutant and wild-type roots and confirmed that the fungus is restricted to the root surface of the mutants. The amenability of tomato for molecular genetic characterisation should enable us to map and clone the mutated gene, and thus identify one of the biochemical bases for inability to establish a normal mycorrhizal symbiosis. The mutant represents a key advance in molecular research on VA mycorrhizal symbiosis.

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Present data suggest that, by means of anastomoses, AM fungal mycelium would potentially create an indefinitely large network interconnecting different plants in a community, and that, in the absence of sexual recombination, the intermingling of nuclei in extraradical mycelia may provide endless opportunities for the exchange of genetic material.
Abstract: Summary • The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) networks originating from plants of different species, genera and families to become interconnected by means of hyphal anastomoses was assessed. • An in vivo two-dimensional experimental model system was used to reveal the occurrence of linkages between contiguous mycorrhizal networks spreading from Allium porrum root systems and those originating from Daucus carota, Gossypium hirsutum, Lactuca sativa, Solanum melongena, colonized by Glomus mosseae. • Percentages of hyphal contacts leading to anastomosis between extraradical networks originating from different plant species ranged from 44% in the pairing A. porrum–S. melongena to 49% in A. porrum–G. hirsutum. DAPI and Sytox stainings detected nuclei in the middle of fusion bridges connecting different mycorrhizal networks. • Present data suggest that, by means of anastomoses, AM fungal mycelium would potentially create an indefinitely large network interconnecting different plants in a community, and that, in the absence of sexual recombination, the intermingling of nuclei in extraradical mycelium may provide endless opportunities for the exchange of genetic material.

180 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
2023951
20221,628
2021187
2020287
2019295