Topic
Mycelium
About: Mycelium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8923 publications have been published within this topic receiving 170993 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: It is concluded that the direct responses of the extraradical hyphae to the P concentration in the medium are limited and the effects found inhyphae seemed instead to be related to increased availability of P to the host root.
Abstract: The influence of external phosphorus (P) on carbon (C) allocation and metabolism as well as processes related to P metabolism was studied in monoxenic arbuscular mycorrhiza cultures of carrot ( Daucus carota ). Fungal hyphae of Glomus intraradices proliferated from the solid minimal medium containing the colonized roots into C-free liquid minimal medium with different P treatments. The fungus formed around three times higher biomass in P-free liquid medium than in medium with 2.5 mminorganic P (high-P). Mycelium in the second experiment was harvested at an earlier growth stage to study metabolic processes when the mycelium was actively growing. P treatment influenced the root P content and [ 13 C]glucose administered to the roots 7 d before harvest gave a negative correlation between root P content and 13 C enrichment in arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal storage lipids in the extraradical hyphae. Eighteen percent of the enriched 13 C in extraradical hyphae was recovered in the fatty acid 16:1ω5 from neutral lipids. Polyphosphate accumulated in hyphae even in P-free medium. No influence of P treatment on fungal acid phosphatase activity was observed, whereas the proportion of alkaline-phosphatase-active hyphae was highest in high-P medium. We demonstrated the presence of a motile tubular vacuolar system in G. intraradices . This system was rarely seen in hyphae subjected to the highest P treatment. We concluded that the direct responses of the extraradical hyphae to the P concentration in the medium are limited. The effects found in hyphae seemed instead to be related to increased availability of P to the host root.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple technique for the isolation of fungi directly from hyphae present in soil is proposed, based on the observation that when a soil suspension is prepared, many of the fungal Hyphae remain with the heavier soil particles of the residue.
Abstract: WHILE it is known that fungi may exist in soil both as active mycelium and as dormant spores1, a major problem in the study of soil fungi has been to discover which fungi in a soil are present as mycelium. Plating methods by which fungal colonies are isolated from soil2 or from soil suspensions3 on agar media suffer from the disadvantage that the unit of origin, spore or hypha, of the resulting colonies is not known. Direct microscopic examination, either of Rossi–Cholodny slides or soil films4, has the complementary deficiency that although fungal hyphae are seen, most are sterile and their identity cannot be investigated. I have devised a simple technique for the isolation of fungi directly from hyphae present in soil. Essentially the method depends on the observation that when a soil suspension is prepared, many of the fungal hyphae remain with the heavier soil particles of the residue. Removal of the fine suspended material from the residue also permits visual examination of the latter for the presence of individual hyphae or hyphal masses, which may then be removed and grown on agar media.
106 citations
TL;DR: Interactions between mycelia of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus variegatus and the wood decomposing fungus Hypholoma fasciculare were studied in soil microcosms and the outcome of the interactions was clearly affected by the size of the wood blocks.
105 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the distribution of nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes in a natural, local population of the fungal root-rot pathogen, Armillaria, revealed a uniformly diploid mycelium that was a mosaic for both parental mitochondrial types.
Abstract: Transmission and propagation of mitochondrial genotypes in fungi have not been previously investigated in the field. This study examined the distribution of nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes in a natural, local population of the fungal (Basidiomycetes) root-rot pathogen, Armillaria. Six vegetative clones, ranging in size up to 635 m, were identified on the basis of mating-type alleles. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment patterns indicated that each vegetative clone has one, unique mtDNA type. However, as in other basidiomycetous fungi, biparental transmission of mitochondria following laboratory matings of sexually compatible haploid isolates of Armillaria resulted in a uniformly diploid mycelium that was a mosaic for both parental mitochondrial types. Therefore, either matings between monosporous, haploid isolates are uncommon in nature, or when mating does occur, cytoplasmic markers of one partner predominate during subsequent vegetative growth.
105 citations
TL;DR: These experiments provide new insights into the interaction between a bacterium and a fungus, and suggest that both fungi and bacteria alter their metabolism during this interaction.
Abstract: Interaction between microbes affects the growth, metabolism and differentiation of members of the microbial community While direct and indirect competition, like antagonism and nutrient consumption have a negative effect on the interacting members of the population, microbes have also evolved in nature not only to fight, but in some cases to adapt to or support each other, while increasing the fitness of the community The presence of bacteria and fungi in soil results in various interactions including mutualism Bacilli attach to the plant root and form complex communities in the rhizosphere Bacillus subtilis, when grown in the presence of Aspergillus niger, interacts similarly with the fungus, by attaching and growing on the hyphae Based on data obtained in a dual transcriptome experiment, we suggest that both fungi and bacteria alter their metabolism during this interaction Interestingly, the transcription of genes related to the antifungal and putative antibacterial defence mechanism of B subtilis and A niger, respectively, are decreased upon attachment of bacteria to the mycelia Analysis of the culture supernatant suggests that surfactin production by B subtilis was reduced when the bacterium was co-cultivated with the fungus Our experiments provide new insights into the interaction between a bacterium and a fungus
105 citations