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Mycelium
About: Mycelium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8923 publications have been published within this topic receiving 170993 citations.
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TL;DR: Methanol extract was assayed against three phytopathogenic fungi and induced alterations on cell fungal membranes with a photoactivation mechanism possibly involving the production of free radicals and leading to a premature aging of the mycelium.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the morphological development of citric acid producing Aspergillus niger immobilized in Ca-alginate and K-carrageenan was studied.
Abstract: The morphological development of citric acid producing Aspergillus niger immobilized in Ca-alginate and K-carrageenan was studied. The fungus normally developed a dense mycelium layer below and on the gel bead surfaces so that substrate and oxygen in this area had direct contact with mycelia. By this way mycelia are not only immobilized by entrapment but also in a “pellet-like” matter. Limitation of the nitrogen source induces a more interior mycelium growth, and outgrowing of free cells was minimized. In sucrose media no effect on the particle stability was observed whereas the application of potassium acetate as substrate caused the complete dissolving of the matrices.
83 citations
TL;DR: Five entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes were tested under field conditions for biological control of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), in rice and the mycelium preparation sporulated on the plant and was as effective as the conidia suspension in infecting brown planTHopper.
Abstract: Five entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes were tested under field conditions for biological control of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), in rice. Suspensions of conidia of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, M. flavoviride Gams & Roszypal, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., and Hirsutella citriformis Speare were applied at a rate of 4–5.1012 conidia per ha. In addition, M. anisopliae and Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn) Samson were applied as preparations of dry mycelium at a rate of 1.5–2 kg/ha. Mortality due to fungus infection ranged from 63 to 98% 3 weeks after application. There were no consistent differences between fungus species. The mycelium preparation sporulated on the plant and was as effective as the conidia suspension in infecting brown planthopper. Hyphomycetous fungi should be evaluated further for control of brown planthopper in rice.
83 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that Se-enrichment is a good method for enhancement of important activities of human dietary supplements, including Shiitake preparations, and by increased polyphenols content.
83 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: It is hypothesised that the growth strategy of the AM fungal mycelium reflects an evolution towards optimal search for potential new host roots and therowth strategy of EMF instead seems to reflect evolution towards optimised nutrient capture in competition with other mycelia.
Abstract: Foraging for nutrients and carbon are essential components of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Foraging strategies of mycorrhizal fungi have received little attention compared to the interaction with the plant. Proliferation of hyphae, resource allocation (carbon and nutrients) within a mycelium and spatial distribution of resource capturing structures (internal mycelium for carbon and external mycelium for nutrients) can be considered as foraging strategies. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a uniformly distributed mycelium in soil, but hyphal proliferation occurs in response to several types of organic material and near potential host roots. The ecto-mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) normally form denser hyphal fronts than AMF, and they respond to both organic material and inorganic nutrients by increased growth. This is especially evident for the EMF that form extensive mycelia connected by differentiated hyphal strands, so-called rhizomorphs. We hypothesise that the growth strategy of the AM fungal mycelium reflects an evolution towards optimal search for potential new host roots. The growth strategy of EMF instead seems to reflect evolution towards optimised nutrient capture in competition with other mycelia. Foraging behaviour of mycorrhizal fungi is discussed and we suggest two conceptual models for resource allocation in the mycorrhizal mycelium. These models consider both the internal and the external mycelium and the trade-offs between different foraging strategies of mycorrhizal fungi. From the experimental data available, it is clear that mycorrhizal fungi forage. It needs to be investigated whether observed foraging strategies are optimal for the mycelium as one individual.
83 citations