Topic
NADPH Oxidase 1
About: NADPH Oxidase 1 is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 231 publications have been published within this topic receiving 27662 citations.
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TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
Abstract: For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...
5,873 citations
TL;DR: Professional phagocytes generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase as part of their armoury of microbicidal mechanisms, leading to the concept that ROS are 'intentionally' generated in these cells with distinctive cellular functions related to innate immunity, signal transduction and modification of the extracellular matrix.
Abstract: Professional phagocytes generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase as part of their armoury of microbicidal mechanisms. The multicomponent phagocyte oxidase (Phox), which has been well characterized over the past three decades, includes the catalytic subunit gp91phox. Lower levels of ROS are seen in non-phagocytic cells, but are usually thought to be 'accidental' byproducts of aerobic metabolism. The discovery of a family of superoxide-generating homologues of gp91phox has led to the concept that ROS are 'intentionally' generated in these cells with distinctive cellular functions related to innate immunity, signal transduction and modification of the extracellular matrix.
2,865 citations
TL;DR: The concept that compared to the use of conventional antioxidants, inhibiting NOX1 and NOX2 oxidases is a superior approach for combating oxidative stress is advanced.
Abstract: NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NOX1 (NADPH oxidase 1) and NOX2 oxidases are the major sources of ROS in the artery wall in conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes and ageing, and so they are important contributors to the oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation that underlies arterial remodelling and atherogenesis. In this Review, we advance the concept that compared to the use of conventional antioxidants, inhibiting NOX1 and NOX2 oxidases is a superior approach for combating oxidative stress. We briefly describe some common and emerging putative NADPH oxidase inhibitors. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of the NADPH oxidase regulatory subunit, p47phox, in the activity of vascular NOX1 and NOX2 oxidases, and suggest how a better understanding of its specific molecular interactions may enable the development of novel isoform-selective drugs to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases.
824 citations
TL;DR: The cloning and tissue expression of three additional homologs of gp91phox, termed Nox3, Nox4 and Nox5, members of a growing family of gp 91phox homologicals are reported, which are predicted to encode proteins of around 65 kDa.
807 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that p22phox directly interacts with Nox1 and Nox4, to form an superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase and it is demonstrated that mutation of the potential heme binding site in the Nox proteins disrupts the complex formation of Nox 1 and NOx4 with p 22phox.
520 citations