Nanobiotechnology

About: Nanobiotechnology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 796 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46309 citations. The topic is also known as: bionanotechnology & nanobiology.

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of phytofabricated silver particles

Abstract: Nanobiotechnology is emerging as a field of nanotechnology and applied biological science. Nanoparticles are produced by physical, chemical and biological methods; but biological methods are relati...

Synthesis and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract: Nanoparticles, ranging in the size from 1 to 100 nm possess novel or enhanced properties compared with larger particles of bulk materials, based on their specific characteristics such as size, distribution and morphology. Noble metal nanoparticles are widely used in the nano-medicinal application; especially silver nanoparticles, which exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, anti-plasmodial and anti-mosquito properties due to the unique properties such as chemical stability, good conductivity and catalytic activity. Nanoparticles are largely synthesized by a variety of chemical and physical approaches. These techniques being expensive and potentially hazardous to the environment, can pose various biological risks. This has necessitated for the alternate eco-friendly and innocuous approaches. In recent years, the convergence between the two fields; nanotechnology and biology; has evolved a new field of nanobiotechnology that encompasses a number of biochemical and biophysical processes employing biological entities such as algae, bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and plants. Focus on green synthesis of nanoparticles without employing toxic and expensive chemicals frequently used in conventional chemical and physical processes, has augmented their applications and safe usage. This chapter describes the different methods to synthesize silver nanoparticles with a major focus on synthesizing nanoparticles via green route i.e., by utilizing biological entities for the facile, eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis.

Advances in the study of spheroids as versatile models to evaluate biological interactions of inorganic nanoparticles.

Abstract: Spheroids are in vitro three-dimensional multicellular microstructures able to mimic the biological microenvironment, including the complexity of tumor architecture. Therefore, results closer to those expected for in vivo organisms can be reached using spheroids compared to the cell culture monolayer model. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have also been playing relevant roles in the comprehension of biological processes. Moreover, they have been probed as novel diagnostic and therapeutical nanosystems. In this context, in this review, we present applications, published in the last five years, which show that spheroids can be versatile models to study and evaluate biological interactions involving inorganic NPs. Applications of spheroids associated with (i) basic studies to assess the penetration profile of nanostructures, (ii) the evaluation of NP toxicity, and (iii) NP-based therapeutical approaches are described. Fundamentals of spheroids and their formation methods are also included. We hope that this review can be a reference and guide future investigations related to this interesting three-dimensional biological model, favoring advances to Nanobiotechnology.

Computational Strategies for Protein-Surface and Protein-Nanoparticle Interactions

Abstract: Protein-nanoparticle associations have important applications in nanoscienceand nanotechnology but the recognition mechanisms and the determinantsof specificity are still poorly understood at the microscopic level. Crucialquestions remain open, related to the association mechanisms, control ofbinding events, and preservation of functionality. Gold is a promising materialin nanoparticles for nanobiotechnology applications because of the ease ofits functionalization and its tunable optical properties. We present a conciseoverview of recent computational modeling advances which were pursued inthe quest for a theoretical framework elucidating the association mechanismsand the ability to design and control the recognition events of a specificclass of systems, namely, interfaces between polypeptides/proteins and a goldsurface in the presence of water. We select two different methodologicaladvances, the first related to the effect of surfactants covering the surfaceof nanoparticles and altering their interactions with proteins and the secondrelated to the immobilization of proteins on inorganic surfaces and conservingtheir functionality. Both cases, demonstrate how the understanding of thepolypeptide-surface coupling mechanisms is essential to the control of theprocess and exploitation for biotechnological and nanotechnological purposes.

Nanobiotechnology: checking out the insides of cells.

Abstract: A nanowire attached to an optical fibre can deliver payloads or light into specific compartments within a living cell, and also detect optical signals from subcellular regions with high spatial resolution.