Nanobiotechnology

About: Nanobiotechnology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 796 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46309 citations. The topic is also known as: bionanotechnology & nanobiology.

Nanomaterials based optical and electrochemical biosensors

Abstract: The interaction of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences opens the possibility for a wide variety of biological research topics and medical uses at the molecular and cellular level. The fundamental features of biological systems such as self-assembly, self-replication, and highly specific recognition open new routes to extend solid-state top-down fabrication nanotechnologies. For example, nanomaterials like carbon nanotube, metal nanoparticle and quantum dots contribute to improve performance of biosensors and biochips. The application of nanotechnology in biomedical sciences will provide information with unprecedented precision and sensitivity, which will not only provide much deeper understanding of biosystems but also lead to the development of new revolutionary modalities of biomolecular manufacturing, early diagnostics, medical treatment, and disease prevention beyond the cellular level to that of DNA and individual proteins, the building blocks of the life process. Nanobiotechnology surely open new reliable products in the medical healthcare and food safety and environmental protection/energy conversion system. In my talk,, nanostructure based optical biosensors and electrochemical biosensors using nanomaterilas will be focused as follows.

Smart delivery mechanisms of nanofertilizers and nanocides in crop biotechology

Abstract: Nanobiotechnology a predicted major economic force in the near future is a potential area revolutionizing almost every sector of life. Nanosciences incorporates exciting areas of research and development at the interface between biology, chemistry and physics. Nanobiotechnology is having huge potential, and attracting substantial increasing investments from governments and from private sectors across the world. Progress of Nanobiotechnology in biomedical sciences has indeed revolutionized various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the last few years, which has given implications of carrying out deeper studies to establish nanotechnology in plant sciences, agro-ecosystems to develop and deliver smart applications in crop improvement programs. In this chapter, we provide an overview of Nanobiotechnology employed in plant sciences and describe concisely the key and unique properties of nanomaterials and the processes of nanoformulations for applications in agriculture and delivering with environmental benefits. Due to their unique properties at nanoscale regime, bio nanomaterials synthesized from plants and microbes are receiving greater applications in agriculture sectors. There are plenty of current opportunities of using polymeric soft nanomaterials, which will provide smarter and safer options of delivery of biomolecules, with strategies aiming at stimulating or enhancing plant defense mechanisms for crop improvement programs. The inputs from research and development through multidisciplinary collaborations with tremendous changes in filling gaps in knowledge in plant Nanobiotechnology enabling some success outputs in plant science research. Nanomaterials have been used in crop biotechnology as “sensing materials” to develop nanodiagnostics like nanomaterial-based biosensors viz., nanosensors. These nanosensors provide promising opportunities to allow rapid and precise detection of pathogenic microbes in plants. The newer types of nanosensors which are still in initial stages include plasmonics, fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanosensors, carbon-based electrochemical nanosensors, nanowire and antibody nanosensors. These nanosensors employ plant metabolic fluxes and trace the pathogenic microbial residual metabolites. There are advancements in research to discover of smart nanosensors to detect mycotoxins. One such example is mycosensor which is a competitive antibody-based assay successfully introduced in market to screen for mycotoxins in crop plants like wheat, corn and barley. The usage of conventional fertilizers can be gradually replaced with nanostructured fertilizers i.e., nanofertilizers to improve the uptake of nutrients with enhanced smart delivery systems. The nanofertilizers are coming as a very encouraging contribution to boost agricultural productivity. Nanobiotechnology has created ground-breaking innovative opportunities of species-independent biomolecule passive delivery of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. An optimal platform of plant genetic engineering is being established in the era of nuclease-based genome editing, encouraging the development of genetically modified crops with interventions of nanoparticles delivery techniques i.e., nanoparticle-mediated clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeats—CRISPR associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas9) technology, with abilities to traverse plant cell walls applicable to broad host range and vastly tunable physico-chemical properties for various cargo conjugation systems. To address the key challenge in the agricultural sector, which demands the tremendous reduction in usage of pesticides due to various environmental issues, Nanobiotechnology is emerging as a very useful alternative tool offering smart delivery systems referred as nanopesticides or nanocides. These nanocides come up with promises of simple dispersions of nanoemulsion as well as easy encapsulation of active ingredients with permeable nanoparticles to improve bioavailability. With abundant multidisciplinary approaches and research developments on applications of Nanobiotechnology in agriculture, we can look forward to overcome certain bottlenecks in implementation of nanoformulations for sustainable agriculture.

Peptide-based assembled nanostructures that can direct cellular responses

Abstract: Abstract Natural originated materials have been well-studied over the past several decades owing to their higher biocompatibility compared to the traditional polymers. Peptides, consisting of amino acids, are among the most popular programmable building blocks, which is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Structures assembled using those biomimetic peptides allow the exploration of chemical sequences beyond those been routinely used in biology. In this review, we discussed the most recent experimental discoveries on the peptide-based assembled nanostructures and their potential application at the cellular level such as drug delivery. In particular, we explored the fundamental principles of peptide self-assembly and the most recent development in improving their interactions with biological systems. We believe that as the fundamental knowledge of the peptide assemblies evolves, the more sophisticated and versatile nanostructures can be built, with promising biomedical applications.