scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Nanobiotechnology

About: Nanobiotechnology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 796 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46309 citations. The topic is also known as: bionanotechnology & nanobiology.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the structure, chemistry, and assembly of crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) is given, which represent the most common cell surface structures observed in prokaryotic organisms and can be used as the structural basis for a biomolecular construction kit involving all major species of biological molecules.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were non-toxic to cell proliferation and, also it can inhibit the chemo-attractant cell migration of human fibrosarcoma cancer cell line HT-1080 by interfering the actin polymerization pathway.

58 citations

Book
22 Dec 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the transition, the need for Nanometrology and Uncertainty Quantum Metrology and Nanometrics Tools, Standards, and Nanomanufacturing Standards, Nanomagnetism Applications Mechanical Nanoengineering Nanomechanics, and NOMA are discussed.
Abstract: Perspectives Introduction Perspectives of Nanotechnology The Business of Nanotechnology Education and Workforce Development Buildings for Nanotech National and International In-frastructure Nanotechnology Products Nanometrology: Standards and Nanomanufacturing The Transition, the Need Nanometrology and Uncertainty Quantum Metrology Nanometrology Tools Nanometrology and Nanomanufacturing Standards Nanomanufacturing and Molecular Assembly Electromagnetic Engineering Nanoelectronics Electronics and Nanoelectronics Microelectronics Nanoscale Electronics Nano-optics Introduction to Optics The Surface Plasmon Quantum Dots Near-Field Microscopies Nanophotonics Nanomagnetism Introduction Characteristics of Nanomagnetic Systems Magnetism in Reduced Dimensional Systems Physical Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures Recent Progress in Nanoscale Sample Preparation Nanomagnetism Applications Mechanical Nanoengineering Nanomechanics Introduction Three-Atom Chain Lattice Mechanics Stress and Strain Linear Elasticity Relations Molecular Dynamics Structure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Nanomechanical Measurement Techniques and Applications Nano-Microelectromechanical Systems (NEMS/MEMS) Nanostructure and Nanocomposite Thin Films Introduction Classification of Nanostructured, Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings Background of Nanostructured Super-Hard Coatings New Directions for Nanostructured Super-Tough Coatings Processing Techniques and Principles General Considerations and Practical Aspects of Sputtering Deposition Applications of Thin Films Technological Applications of Thin Films Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Ti-Al-Si-N Coatings Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Ti-Si-B-C-N Coatings Pulsed Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering of Cr-Al-N Coatings Chemical Nanoengineering Nanocatalysis Introduction to Catalytic and Nanocatalytic Materials Fundamentals of Catalysis Synthesis Catalyst Characterization Nanocomposites and Fibers Nanocomposites and Fibers Physical and Chemical Properties of Materials Natural Nanocomposites Carbon Fibers and Nanotubes Organic Polymer Nanocomposites Metal and Ceramic Nanocomposites Clay Nanocomposite Materials Biological and Environmental Nanoengineering Nanobiotechnology Introduction to Nanobiotechnology The Biological Immune System Using Antibodies in Biosensors: Immunoassays Cantilevers as Nano-Biosensors Micro- and Nanosensors and Applications Optical Nanosensors Nanotechnology for Manipulation of Biomolecules Biomimetics The Bio Sciences and Technologies Biomimetic Design of Molecules Biomimetic Nanomaterials Biomimetic Nanoengineering Medical Nanotechnology Introduction to Medical Nanotechnology Nanoparticles and Nanoencapsulation for Medical Applications Guiding and Stimulating Tissue Function and Growth Environmental Nanotechnology The Environment (and Technology) Water and Soil Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation Air Quality, Monitoring, and Mitigation Energy

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2006-Small
TL;DR: Semiconductor nanocrystals are synthesized, attached to kinesin biomolecular motors, demonstrated that single motors can be visualized by simple epifluorescence or evanescent wave microscopy, and shown that motor function is unaffected by particle functionalization.
Abstract: Kinesin molecular motors harness the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport cargo such as vesicles and organelles along intracellular microtubules. Purified components of this system can be used for nanoscale transport by integrating the motors and filaments into MEMS and NEMS devices. Hence, it is important to understand the function of these proteins for biological, therapeutic, and nanotechnological applications. Existing techniques for studying motors include the microtubule gliding assay, optical traps, and ATPase assays. Single-molecule visualization is crucial for investigating the motor mechanism and their ability to move and assemble nanoparticles. In this report, we synthesize semiconductor nanocrystals, attach them to kinesins, demonstrate that single motors can be visualized by simple epifluorescence or evanescent wave microscopy, and show that motor function is unaffected by particle functionalization. Single kinesin motors functionalized with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or synthetic fluorophores can be imaged by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and their position resolved to within nearly one nanometer. By tracking kinesins in which one of the two motor domains (heads) was labeled, this technique was used to show that at limiting ATP concentrations each head takes 16-nm steps along a microtubule, ruling out the “inchworm” model of kinesin motility. However, because the spatial resolution is based on the number of photons collected, the temporal resolution using these fluorophores is limited to roughly 300 ms. Brighter fluorophores are needed to measure faster events. While fluorescent beads have higher signal intensities, their size alters the diffusion properties of the tagged molecule and complicates intracellular experiments. Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) have great potential in biological imaging due to their small size ( 5– 10 nm radius with functionalization), high quantum yield, large excitation band, and negligible photobleaching. Quantum dots with different optical properties can be synthesized with ease by growing them to different sizes, and single fluorophores can be visualized by simple epifluorescence microscopy rather than the evanescent wave microscopy that is generally required for GFP and other synthetic fluorophores. In addition, they can be introduced into cells by a variety of methods. By synthesizing our own quantum dots, we have the advantage of being able to separately tune the emission wavelength and control the surface functionality. The goal of this study is to functionalize quantum dots with active kinesin biomolecular motors and transport these dots along immobilized microtubules. This new labeling approach will open up a number of avenues of investigation. First, it will enable more precise tracking of motors in vitro to understand motor stepping and detachment under controlled conditions. Second, these bright particles should enable individual kinesins to be followed in cells, which is very difficult with current labeling procedures. Third, quantum dots can be used as models for biomotor-driven nanoparticle assembly in vitro. More and more materials are being synthesized at nanoscale geometries that confer novel and enhanced functionality. However, despite the success of various self-assembly processes, organization of these nanoparticles into configurations far from their thermodynamic minima is a continuing hurdle. Because kinesins are specialized transport motors that have evolved to organize the intracellular environment, they provide a powerful tool for transport and assembly of synthetic nanomaterials. Harnessing these biological motors for this purpose requires a model system that can be easily visualized and quantified. At present, microtubules that have been coated with quantum dots have been shown to move along immobilized motors so long as the region of functionalization is limited. Furthermore, in a related and impressive recent study, individual myosin V motors were labeled with a different-colored quantum dot on each head to definitively show that the two heads alternately step along an immobilized actin filament. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that individual kinesin motors can be functionalized with quantum dots, and their movement along microtubules easily tracked by either TIRF or epifluorescence microscopy. Using quantum dots for this purpose comes with a number of hurdles. Generally, quantum-dot cores are synthesized in an organic phase and usually with cytotoxic compounds, so for biological applications the cores need to be protected and transferred to an aqueous phase by coating with a shell of a second semiconductor with a larger bandgap and with protective ligands. Additional ligands must be [*] G. Muthukrishnan, Dr. W. O. Hancock Department of Bioengineering, 229 Hallowell Bldg. The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 (USA) Fax: (+1)814-863-0490 E-mail: mbw@chem.psu.edu

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of cytotoxicity assay and dual-modal luminescence cell imaging application of DC-UC NCs indicate that the as-prepared NCs are biocompatible and applicable in biomedical fields.
Abstract: Dual-modal luminescence nanocomposites (NCs) were successfully prepared via a facile and versatile strategy by embedding the hydrophobic down-conversion (DC) fluorescence ZnS:Mn2+ quantum dots (QDs) and up-conversion (UC) luminescence NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ nanoparticles (NPs) into hydrophilic polymer matrixes through in situ cross-linking polymerization. Due to the enriched carboxylic groups in the polymer matrixes, the as-prepared NCs are highly water-stable and bioconjugatable with chemical and biological moieties. The results of cytotoxicity assay and dual-modal luminescence cell imaging application of DC–UC NCs indicate that the as-prepared NCs are biocompatible and applicable in biomedical fields. The current work paves the way to the fabrication of multifunctional NCs including down- and up-conversion dual-modal luminescence, luminescence–magnetism, magnetic targeted drug vehicles and magnetic recyclable catalyst NCs, and will attract wide attention from the fields of chemistry, materials, catalysis, nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine.

57 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Nanoparticle
85.9K papers, 2.6M citations
85% related
Graphene
144.5K papers, 4.9M citations
84% related
Carbon nanotube
109K papers, 3.6M citations
83% related
Raman spectroscopy
122.6K papers, 2.8M citations
76% related
Thin film
275.5K papers, 4.5M citations
76% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202398
2022221
202144
202040
201947
201828