Nanobiotechnology

About: Nanobiotechnology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 796 publications have been published within this topic receiving 46309 citations. The topic is also known as: bionanotechnology & nanobiology.

Heterofunctional nanomaterials: fabrication, properties and applications in nanobiotechnology.

Abstract: Nanotechnology and nanoengineering includes a novel class of materials that are gaining significant recognition to pursuit technological/biological advances in diverse fields including, biology, medicine, electronics, engineering etc. due to their unique size- and shape-dependent intrinsic physicochemical, optoelectronic and biological properties. Characteristics such as high surface to volume ratios and quantum confinement results in materials that are qualitatively different from their bulk counterparts. These properties not only make them suitable for numerous applications in existing and emerging technologies, but also have outstanding role in many fields that provide inspiration for their fabrication. In Today's trend nanotechnology is spreading vigorously where researchers all over the world are focusing towards their synthesis and applications. Therefore, this review is helpful for the researchers in the field of nanobiotechnology/nanomedicine, providing a brief overview of nanotechnology, covering nanomaterial synthesis methods (with emphasis on environmentally benign greener approaches), their properties, and applications; such as drug delivery, bio-labeling, nanotoxicity etc. The influence of synthesis methods and surface coatings/stabilizing agents and their subsequent applications is discussed, and a broad outline on the biomedical applications into which they have been implemented is also presented.

Nano-biotechnology for biomedical and diagnostic research

Abstract: Preface.- 1. Biomolecule/Nanomaterial Hybrid Systems for Nanobiotechnology.- 1.1. Electrical Contacting of Enzymes with Electrodes for the Construction of Amperometric Biosensors and Biofuel Cells.- 1.2. Catalytic Properties of Metalic Nanoparticles (NPs) and their Implementation for Sensing and Nanocircuitry.- 1.3. Bioanalytical Applications of Hybrid Semiconductor-Protein Systems.- 1.4. Biomolecules as Templates for Nanoscale Circuitry.- 1.5. Conclusions and Perspectives.- 2. Superresolution Optical Flunctuation Imaging.- 2.1. Main article.- 2.2. Conclusion.- 3. Application of Nanoparticles for the Detection and Sorting of Pathogenic Bacteria by Flow-Cytometry.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Results.- 3.3. Conclusion.- 4. Advancing Nanostructured Porous Si-Based Optical Transducers for Label Free Bacteria Detection.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Materials and Methods.- 4.3. Results and Discussion.- 4.4. Conclusions.- 5. Gold Fibers as a Platform for Biosensing.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Experimental.- 5.3. Results and Discussion.- 5.4. Electrochemical Evaluation of Gox on Gold Fibers.- 5.5. Summary and Conclusions.- 6. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Organic Molecules Adsorbed on Metallic Nanoparticles.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Experimental.- 6.3. Results and Discussion.- 6.4. Summary and Conclusions.- 7. Quantum Dots and Fluorescent Protein FRET-based Biosensors.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Materials and Methods.- 7.3. Results.- 7.4. Discussion.- 8. Semiconductor Quantum Dots as FRET-Acceptors for Multiplexed Diagnostics and Molecular Ruler Application.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Short Theoretical and Practical Background.- 8.3. Applications.- 8.4. Conclusions and Outlook.- 9. Assembly and Microscopic Characterization of DNA Origami Structures.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. DNA as a Material for ?Molecular Self-Assembly.- 9.3. Modification of Origami Structures.- 9.4. Characterization of DNA Origami Structures.- 9.5. Conclusion and Outlook.- 10. DNA Nanotechnology.- 10.1. DNA Nanostructures for Amplified Sensing.- 10.2. Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA through Isothermal Replication Processes using DNA Enzymes.- 10.3. Programmed Nanostructures Acting as DNA Machines.- 10.4. Self-Assembly of Functional DNA-Protein Nanostructures.- 10.5. Conclusions and Perspectives.- 11. Role of Carbohydrate (lectin) receptors in the Macrophage Uptake of Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Materials and Methods.- 11.3. Results and Discussion.- 11.4. Conclusions.- 12. Toxicity of Gold Nanoparticles on Somatic and Reproductive Cells.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Somatic Cells.- 12.3. Reproductive Toxicology of Gold Nanoparticles.- 12.4. Conclusion.-13. Ultrasound Activated Nano-Encapsulated Targeted Drug Delivery and Tumour Cell Poration.- 13.1. Introduction.- 13.2. Materials and Methods.- 13.3. Results.- 13.4. Discussion.- 13.5. Future Work.- 14. Ultrasound Mediated Localized Drug Delivery.- 14.1. Introduction.- 14.2. Ultrasound Intensity Level of 1.5 MPa.- 14.3. Ultrasound Intensity Levels Below 1 MPa.- 14.4. Localized SHERPA Activation.- 14.5. Discussion.- 14.6. Conclusions.- 15. Sonochemical Proteinaceous Microspheres for Wound Healing.- 15.1. Introduction.- 15.2. Materials and Methods.- 15.3. Results and Discussion.- 15.4. Conclusions.- 16. Alendronate Liposomes for Antitumor Therapy: Activation of gammadelta T Cells and Inhibition of Tumor Growth.- 16.1. Introduction.- 16.2. Materials and Methods.- 16.3. Results.- 16.4. Discussion.

Designer nanoparticle: nanobiotechnology tool for cell biology

Abstract: This article discusses the use of nanotechnology for subcellular compartment isolation and its application towards subcellular omics. This technology review significantly contributes to our understanding on use of nanotechnology for subcellular systems biology. Here we elaborate nanobiotechnology approach of using superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) optimized with different surface coatings for subcellular organelle isolation. Using pulse-chase approach, we review that SPMNPs interacted differently with the cell depending on its surface functionalization. The article focuses on the use of functionalized-SPMNPs as a nanobiotechnology tool to isolate high quality (both purity and yield) plasma membranes and endosomes or lysosomes. Such nanobiotechnology tool can be applied in generating subcellular compartment inventories. As a future perspective, this strategy could be applied in areas such as immunology, cancer and stem cell research.

Characterization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Brachychiton populneus Leaf Extract

Abstract: Bionanotechnology is the combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology for the development of biosynthetic and environmentally friendly nanomaterial synthesis technology. The presented research work adopted a reliable and environmentally sustainable approach to manufacturing silver nanoparticles from Brachychiton populneus (BP-AgNPs) leaf extract in aqueous medium. The Brachychiton populneus-derived silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). In addition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities of AgNPs were brought to light. The synthesis of BP-AgNPs was verified at 453 nm wavelength by UV–Vis spectrum. FTIR analysis revealed that synthesis, stability, and capping of AgNPs depend on functional groups such as alkane, alkene, nitro, flouro, phenol, alcoholic, and flavones, present in plant extract. The SEM analysis revealed evenly distributed cubical-shaped nanoparticles. The average diameter of AgNPs was 12 nm calculated from SEM image through ImageJ software. EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of Ag at 3 keV and other trace elements such as oxygen and chlorine. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited proven antioxidant (DPPH assay), antidiabetic (alpha amylase assay), anti-inflammatory (albumin denaturation assay), and cytotoxic (MTT assay) potential against U87 and HEK293 cell lines in comparison to standard drugs. In these assays, BP-AgNPs exhibited inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner and had lower IC50 values compared to standards. All these outcomes suggest that silver nanoparticles work as a beneficial biological agent. The salient features of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles propose their effective applications in the biomedical domain in the future.

DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Macromolecularly Crowded Polymer Solutions

Abstract: DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most commonly used reagents in nanobiotechnology. They are important not only for practical applications in analytical chemistry and drug delivery, but also for fundamental understanding of nanoscience. For biological samples such as blood serum or for intracellular applications, the effects of crowded cellular proteins and nucleic acids need to be considered. The thermodynamic effect of crowding is to induce nanoparticle aggregation. But before such aggregation can take place, there might also be a depletion repulsive barrier. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most frequently used polymers to mimic the crowded cellular environment. We show herein that while DNA-functionalized AuNPs are very stable in buffer (e.g., no PEG) and citrate-capped AuNPs are very stable in PEG, DNA-functionalized AuNPs are unstable in PEG and are easily aggregated. Although such aggregation in PEG is mediated by DNA, no sharp melting transition typical for DNA-li...